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Intonational Peculiarities of Spontaneous Speech and an Interview






 

Speaking about the style of spontaneous speech, some linguists think of the style which is typical of the English of everyday life, and which occurs both within a family group and in informal external relationships, namely, in the speech of intimate friends or well-acquainted people. In such cases it is the emotional reaction to a situational or verbal stimulus that matters, thereby the attitude- and emotion-signalling functions of intonation here comes to the fore. Nevertheless intellectual and volitional patterns also have a part to play. They call this style familiar or conversational. These linguists do not consider an interview to be one of the types of this style, they regard it as a type of publicistic style along with political speeches, radio and television commentaries, etc. However, they forget that interviews can be of different types. Some interviews, for instance, an interview with a member of the Parliament about the present-day political situation or an interview with an editor of a newspaper about press in general or about the policy of his own newspaper, are surely examples of publicistic style. But there exist other interviews, for instance, an interview with people about their family life, about their experiences, etc., such interviews are clearly examples of conversational style. In this course we shall consider such interviews as one of the types of spontaneous speech along with conversations that occur in everyday life, and short unprepared speeches.

As you see, we take into account that spontaneous speech may be monological and dialogical; and that some types of dialogical speech as, for instance, an interview, may consist of adialogical part and rather long monological pieces.

Spontaneous speech is characterized by a great number of elliptical sentences, incomplete sentences, repetitions, overlappings, etc. Intonation plays an important role in determining communicative types of sentences and semantic centres, in conveying attitudinal meanings.

Dialogical spontaneous speech is characterized by:

1 short sense-groups,

2 a great variety of tones (simple and complex), *

3 sliding and scandent scales,

4 the mid range,

5 the centralized stress,

6 the rhythm which is based on a regular repetition of terminal tones,

7 the changeable tempo,

8 a great variety of pauses (logical and hesitation).

* This style, unlike other styles, will allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in English. This is due to the fact that there seen to be no social restrictions on the range of emotions and attitudes which might be displayed in a conversational situation.

Relatively unexcited conversational situations are characterized by low pre-heads, falling or stepping heads and simple low falling and rising tones. Monosyllabic response utterances display standardised, narrowed pitch patterns. Degrees of increasing inten­sity of excitement correlate with increased pitch height. As a re­sult widened pitch patterns are typical of more excited situations. In this connection one should note the high proportion of intona­tion patterns with the high falling nuclear tone. The flow of con­versation much depends on these patterns, as the High Fall implies, among other things, the effect of personal participation or invol­vement in the situation. It is extremely important for the parti­cipants in conversation to show an active interest in what is going on. Besides, we should mention the high frequency of compound tunes and heterogeneous heads. There is also the occasional com­pletely unexpected placement of nuclear tone.

In spontaneous informal conversation there is a marked tendency for intonation to form a basic set of recurrent patterns. The precise nature of these patterns varies to a certain extent de­pending on such situational factors as the relationship of the speakers to each other, the chosen subject-matter, the fluency of an individual, his emotional state and so on.






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