Social order ancient India

1. Education varnas.

2. The rural community.

3. Slavery in Ancient India.

1. The expansion of primitive society and the development of public and income inequality has led to the emergence of social classes - Varna. All free were divided into groups that are not equal in their social status, rights and duties. With the design of the slave state of division free for four varnas announced eternally existing order and sanctified by religion.

In accordance with the Laws of Manu, there were the following castes:

• Brahmins- members of the priestly clan;

• Kshatriyas - military aristocracy;

• Vaishyas (Vaishya) - free full-fledged community members;

• sudra - the lowest varna, unequal members of society.

Lifestyle of each caste was formulated in special laws - Dharma. The competence of the first two castes include public management. Vaisyas prescribed farming, cattle duction, trade and commerce. Sudras were to be in the service of the three higher castes.

Over time, the class became more and more withdrawn. This was facilitated by:

• strict endogamous - marriages between members of the same caste;

• definite, fixed hereditary profession;

• one worship gods.

The transition from one caste to another is strictly forbidden. Limited the possibility of mixed marriages produce different financial compensation for the killing of a person depending on the accessories a particular varna: for misconduct by a member of the highest caste relations NIJ to a member of a lower assumed a lighter sentence, and vice versa.

Subsequently, with the conversion of freemen in the dependent peasants were Vaishyas by value approach Sudras, and two first caste - caste nobility - to stand apart from the two lowest.

2. The most important component of social, public and economic system in Mauriysky period was a community because it brings together a significant part of the population - free farmers. The most common form of the community was a rural, although some places still and there was a primitive tribal.

The community retains the features of one team and the old community tradition - the free inhabitants of the meetings solved various problems management. Over time, more and more importance is the head of the village. Initially, the community leader was chosen at a meeting of community members, then approved by the state authorities, gradually turning into there representative.

The community observed a property division:

• top, exploiting slaves and employees;

• community members who are themselves working in their fields;

Village artisans also held the position of:

• artisans who worked independently and had their own workshops;

• artisans who were hired to work for a fee.

3. Slavery in ancient India is notable for its lack of development - along with the slave relationships persist remnants primitive society: Indian slaves could have family, property, and the right to inheritance, ownership of the gifts received. Free, becoming a slave, did not lose their family, clan and caste ties.

Slave labor did not play a significant role in the economy of ancient India.

In law, the ancient Indian state does not have a clear opposition of free and slave, because even though this State was slave, but varna overshadow classes. Nevertheless

Manu digits indicate the following slaves:

• trapped under the banner (prisoners of war);

• slaves for the content;

• slaves born in the house of the owner;

• purchased;

• presented;

• were inherited;

• slaves due punishment.

A characteristic feature of ancient Indian slavery was the existence of legislation designed to limit the arbitrary host to the slaves.

QUESTION 13