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My Motherland is Russia






 

Not long ago our country was called the USSR. Russia was the largest republic in the former Soviet Union. But now it has become an independent state. It has situated in the Eastern part of Europe and in the Northern part of Asia. Russia boarders on many countries: Norway, Finland, Poland, China, Mongolia and Korea. And naturally it boarders on former Soviet republics. They are all now independent states. The country is washed by 14 seas and three oceans: the Pacific. The Arctic and the Atlantic oceans. The climate in our country is widely varied. It is very cold in the North-Eastern part and it is very warm in the South. Russia is very famous for its rivers and lakes. The Volga is the longest river in Europe. Russia is very rich in mineral recourses, it has deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, gold, dimonds and other minerals. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is also one of the main industrial and cultural centers. Other big cities are St.Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok and others. At the present moment the political system is developing. The executive power belongs to the president. The Russian government is trying to perform a number of constructive reforms in order to improve the economic situation in the country. I hope that Russia will be a highly developed democratic country.

 

4. What is economics?

 

Economics is a social science studying economy. As a scholarly discipline, economics is two centuries old.

Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people.

Since every economic decision requires a choice, economics is a study of tradeoffs.

The economy is a system managing and controlling resources of a country, community or household.

Since every economic decision requires a choice, economics is a study of tradeoffs.

 

Economics is a social science studying economy. Like the natural sciences and other social sciences, economics attempts to find laws or principles.

Economics studies the way people deal with a fact of life^ resources are limited, but our demand for them certainly is not.

Economics tried to find laws or principles by building models. The predictions of the models form the basis of economic theories. Then the predictions of the models are compared with the facts of the real world.

A knowledge of economics, the study of how people and countries use their resources to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services is important for everyone now. Our understanding of economics will influence how we earn a living and help us make better economic decisions.

 

We can classify branches of economics according to their approach or methodology. The very broad division of approaches is microeconomics and macroeconomics.

 

Microeconomic analysis offers a detailed treatment of individual decisions about particular commodities.

 

Macroeconomics emphasizes the interactions in the economy as a whole.

 

The distinctions between macro-and microeconomics is a matter of convenience. In reality, macroeconomics outcomes depend on micro behaviour, and micro behaviour is affected by macro outcomes.

 

There are four major economic goals that are generally accepted. These goals are:

full employment;

price stability;

economic growth;

an equitable distribution of income.

In each case, the goal itself is formulated through the political process. The economist’s job is to help design policies that will allocate the economy’s resources in ways that best achieve these goals.

 






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