Exercise 9. Match the terms with their explanation.

Exercise 10. Find the corresponding equivalents; memorize the meanings of these word combinations:

Тривалі симптоми, повне загоювання, обструкція дихальних шляхів, важкий неускладнений випадок, найбільш поширенa причина, стійкій озноб, в'язке мокротіння, летальні ускладнення, слизове мокротиння, кров прожилками або іржаве мокротиння, супутнє хронічне легеневе захворювання, початок бронхіту

Exercise 11. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the translation of the Passive Voice:

1. Acute infectious bronchitis is often preceded by symptoms of a URI.

2. Dyspnea may be noted secondary to the airways obstruction.

3. Oral fluids are advised during the febrile course.

4. Antibiotics are indicated when there is concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

5. A chest X-ray is indicated if symptoms are serious or prolonged.

6. Pneumococcal pneumonia should be suspected in anyone with an acute febrile illness.

7. A presumptive diagnosis can be based on the history, changes on chest X-ray, culture and gram stains of appropriate specimens.

Exercise 12. Fill in the correct form of the verb in the Active or Passive Voice:

1. Considerable skill, patience and tact (to require) to examine a child.

2. Yesterday he (to awake) with a severe headache.

3 The doctor thought that the patient (to recover) from his illness but on the contrary he (to get) worse.

4. I (to feel) wretched for I (to catch) a severe cold the day before

5. Infectious diseases (to transmit) by direct contact or through the respiratory route.

6. The medical students (to practise) in the clinic at patient's bed-side in order to learn to recognize and treat various diseases.

7. The man (to die) unless he (to operate on) without delay.

Exercise 13. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Acute bronchitis may develop after a common cold.

2. Diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms and signs.

3. Oral fluids are advised during the febrile course.

4. Antibiotics are indicated when there is concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

5. Persistent chills suggest an alternative diagnosis.

6. Lab studies usually show leucocytosis with a shift to the left.

7. A diagnosis can be based on the history, changes on the chest X-ray.

Exercise 14. Fill in the missing prepositions. Some of prepositions may be used more than once. Translate the sentences:

1. Oral fluids are advised … the febrile course.

2. Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally per year, and results … about 4 million deaths

3. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is admitted … hospital.

4. Acute bronchitis is characterized… the development of a cough or small sensation in the back of the throat, with or without the production of sputum.

5. Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis, followed … exposure to air pollutants.

6. Treatment of pneumonia depends … the underlying cause.

7. Acute bronchitis often develops … an upper respiratory infection such as the common cold or influenza.

Exercise 15. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct tense and voice. Translate the sentences:

1. Rest (to indicate) until fever subsides.

2. The onset of the disease (to be) often sudden with a single shaking chill.

3. Treatment (to depend) on the kind of pneumonia.

4. Dyspnea (to note) secondary to the airways obstruction.

5. Onset of cough (to signal) onset of bronchitis.

6. The cough usually (to become) productive with purulent, blood-streaked sputum.

Exercise 16. Explain the following terms. Use the previously given scheme:

Bronchitis, Pneumonia

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

Exercise 2. a) Memorize the plural forms of nouns of Latin and Greek origin:

b) Choose the correct plural form:

Exercise 3. Form nouns with the help of the suffix -(a)(t)ion. Translate the pair of words into Ukrainian:

Model: to infect – infection

інфікувати – інфекція

To characterize, to form, to inhale, to fluctuate, to detect, to combine, to populate, to vaccinate, to examine, to auscultate, to palpate, to complete, to migrate.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the following word-combinations into Ukrainian:

The causative agent of the disease, the formation of nodular lesions, to set up a primary tubercle, natural immune defenses, to smoulder for months or years, to fluctuate with the patient’s resistance, to transmit by coughing and sneezing, blood streaked sputum discharge, the detection by X-ray screening, vaccination with BCG vaccine, tuberculous crackles in the lungs, a yearly Mantoux test, a resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in immunocompromised patients, to seek help from phthisiatrician.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: