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Vocabulary. Сapital punishment – смертная казнь






Сapital punishment – смертная казнь

Obligatory – обязательный

Corporal punishment – телесные наказания

Whipping – порка

Objective – цель

Retribution – возмездие, воздаяние, кара

Deterrence – устрашение, удержание

Incapacitation – лишение преступника возможности совершать преступления заключением его под стражу

Rehabilitation – восстановление в правах, реабилитация

Restitution – восстановление первоначального положения, реституция

 

Criminal law is characteristic for the exclusively serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Capital punishment may be obligatory in some jurisdictions for the most serious crimes. Physical or corporal punishment may be imposed such as whipping or caning, though these punishments are forbidden in much of the world. Individuals may be confined in prison or jail in a diversity of situation depending on the jurisdiction. Fines also may be obligatory, seizing money or property from a person convicted of a crime.

There are five objectives extensively established for enforcement of the criminal law by punishments: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restitution. Jurisdictions vary on the value to be positioned on each.

Retribution – Criminals ought to suffer in some way. This is the most widely seen goal. Retribution supports that proportionate punishment is a morally satisfactory response to crime, regardless of whether the sentence causes any tangible benefits. Proportionality needs that the level of punishment be scaled relative to the severity of the offending behavior. However, this does not signify that the punishment has to be corresponding to the crime.

Deterrence – Individual deterrence is aimed toward the precise criminal. The aim is to oblige a sufficient punishment to discourage the delinquent from criminal procedures. Deterrence is often contrasted with retributive, which holds that penalty is a required consequence of a crime and should be considered based on the magnitude of the wrong done. By imposing a penalty on those who commit crimes, other individuals are discouraged from committing those crimes.

Incapacitation – Designed basically to keep criminals away from society so that the community is protected from their misconduct. This is often accomplished during prison sentences today. The death punishment or banishment has served the similar intention.

Rehabilitation – Aims at changing a delinquent into an important member of society. Its most important object is to avoid further criminal by persuasive the offender that their behavior was wrong.

Restitution – This is a victim-oriented supposition of penalty. The purpose is to restore, during state authority, any harm inflicted on the victim by the offender. For example, the person who embezzles will be necessary to repay the amount inappropriately purchased. Restitution is usually shared with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely associated to concepts in the civil law.






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