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Bloodstain Patterns that May be Found






Bloodstains range in both amount of blood and type of pattern—from pools of blood around a body to obvious spatter patterns on the walls to microscopic drops on a suspect’s clothing. The shape of the bloodstain pattern will depend greatly on the force used to propel the blood as well as the surface it lands on. Forward spatter from a gunshot wound will typically form smaller droplets spread over a wide area, while impact spatter will form larger drops and be more concentrated in the areas directly adjacent to the action.

Left: large volume blood stain. Right: impact spatter pattern.

Left: passive bloodstains. Right: bloody shoe print transfer pattern.

Left: void patterns. Right: projected blood stains. (Courtesy of John Black, Ron Smith & Associates)

 

Because blood demonstrates surface tension, or cohesive forces that act like an outer skin, a drop of blood dropped at a 90° angle forms a near-perfect spherical shape. A smooth surface, such as tile or linoleum, will cause little distortion of this spherical shaped drop, whereas a rough er surface, such as carpet or concrete, disrupt s the surface tension and causes the drops to break apart.

The number and location of stains, as well as the volume of blood influence how much useful information can be gather ed. Large amounts of blood, such as if the person bled to death or was so severely injured that the resulting blood spatter was extensive, can often yield less information than several well-defined spatter patterns. Too much blood can disguise spatter or make stain patterns unrecognizable. Conversely, too little blood, just one or two drops, will likely yield little or no useable information.

Stains that overlap or come from multiple sources present challenges to analysts, but often reveal valuable details about the crime. Overlapping stains may obscure pattern details, but can provide information on the force, timing and instrument used. In the case of multiple victims, analysts will often use DNA profiling to determine whose blood is included in a given pattern, helping to estimate the locations of the victims in relation to each other and the perpetrator (s).


amount – n. количество

volume – n. количество

pool – n. лужа

spatter – n. брызги

impact – n. удар

force – n. сила

to propel – v. двигать

surface – n. поверхность

adjacent – adj. прилегающий

void – n. вакуум, пустое место

to project – v. защищать

surface tension – n. натяжение поверхности

cohesive – adj. вяжущий, связующий

spherical shape – n. сферическая форма

angle – n. угол

tile – n. плитка

linoleum – n. линолеум

distortion – n. искривление

rough – adj. неровный, грубый

carpet – n. ковер

concrete – n. цемент

to disrupt – v. разрушать

to break apart – v. разрывать

influence – n. влияние

to gather – v. собирать

bleed to death – v. истечь кровью

severely injured – v. сильно раненый

extensive – adj. широкий, протяженный

to yield – v. приносить плоды

to disguise – v. маскироваться

to overlap – v. пересекаться

source – n. источник

challenge – n. трудность

to reveal – v. открывать, проливать свет

to obscure – v. скрывать

to provide – v. предоставлять

to determine – v. определять

to estimate – v. подсчитывать

perpetrator – n. виновник, преступник



 






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