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Modal Verbs
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| Verb | Перевод | Present | Past | Future |
| can / be able to | умение, способность, возможность, разрешение, просьба в вежливой форме | You can do it. | You could do it. | You will be able to do it. |
| may / be allowed to | разрешение, при not -запрещение, предположение с сомнением | We may go. | We might go. | We will be allowed to go. |
| must | обязанность, долженствование, твердая необходимость, логическое заключение | We must do it. We need not do it. | We had to do it. We were not to come here. | We will have to do it. |
| ought to | моральный долг, настоятельный совет, строгая рекомендация | You ought to write this letter. | ||
| need | отсутствие необходимости, необязательность | Need he work so late? We need not have hurried. | ||
| dare | сметь, посметь (в вопросе и отрицании: не сметь), дерзнуть, осмелиться | How dare you speak to me? He dare not tell it to me. | ||
| used to | бывало, раньше (обозначает повторявшееся в прошлом действие или состояние, которого уже нет в настоящем) | He used to live in Leeds. Did he use to live in Leeds? He didn’t use to live in Leeds. = He never used to live in Leeds. | ||
| should | обязанность (менее сильная, чем must), совет, рекомендация, упрек, порицание, сожаление | He should not smoke so much. You should not cut your hair. | ||
| would | желание (с глаголом like), вежливая просьба, прошлая привычка | Would you like to come again? Would you mind coming again? | ||
| have to | Вынужденность в силу обстоятельств, обязанность. | I have to read this book. (do/does) | I had to read this book yesterday. (did) | I'll have to read this book tomorrow. (shall/will) |
| be to | долженствование в силу договоренности или плана | I am to study English. | I was to study English. | I'll be to study English. |
Неличные формы глагола (The non – finite forms of the verbs)
| Active | Passive | ||
| Infinitive | Indefinite | To ask | To be asked |
| Continuous | To be asking | To be being asked (употребляется редко) | |
| Perfect | To have asked | To have been asked | |
| Perfect Continuous | To have been asking | ||
| Gerund | Indefinite (simple) | Asking | Being asked |
| Perfect | Having asked | Having been asked | |
| Participle | Present | Asking | Being asked |
| Past | Asked | ||
| Perfect | Having asked | Having been asked |
Примечание: отрицание not ставится перед инфинитивом, герундием и причастием:
to go - not to go, having done - not having done.
Инфинитив (Infinitive)
Это неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие, но не указывает ни числа, ни лица.
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