Invention, tool, appeared, designed, device, engine, obtain, ways, invented

1.For over two hundred years this simple … was the only agricultural tool. 2. The first moldboards did not reach its present form for almost a hundred years following their …. 3. This idea … at the beginning of the 20^th century. 4. Some time later the gasoline … appeared. 5. There are different… of using this new tillage machinery. 6. We shall be able to … good results in agriculture only by using proper tillage machinery. 7. Who … the tractor? 8. They knew of the young inventor having … a device. 9. Having invented a new … the young specialists solved an important problem.

1.9. Read the statements and say which are true and which are false. Give reasons for your answers:

1. a) The earliest efforts of people were to lift themselves from primitive cultures through better tools for tilling.

b) The earliest efforts of people were to lift themselves through fertilizing the farmland.

2. a) Until the 19^th century, man's tools for tilling the earth remained basically unchanged.

b) Until the 19^th century, man's tools for tilling the earth changed basically.

3. a) In the middle of the 18^th century farmers tried a device to ease their lives.

b) In the middle of the 18^th century farmers used the device to ease their lives.

4. a) The moldboard plow was designed to eliminate weeds.

b) The moldboard plow was designed to eliminate weeds by turning over a thick layer of earth.

5. a) The new plow, introduced in 1863, allowed the farmer to sit behind it.

b) The new plow, introduced in 1863, allowed the farmer to ride instead of walk behind it.

6. a) The development of mechanical power for farm work was of greatest significance.

b) The development of mechanical power for farm work was of some significance.

7. a) The gasoline engine mounted on a farm tractor appeared as the 20^th century opened.

b) The gasoline engine mounted on a farm tractor was used in the middle of the 19^th century.

8. a) Today the farmer has a wide range of tractor makes.

b) Today the farmer has new types of tractors.

1. 10. Use the text to express your point of view on the statements:

1. The better soils are used only for crops.

2. Properties of productive agricultural soils include 3 points.

3. The care of soils is a continuous operation.

4. Crop rotation is the most important factor of soil conservation.

5. Every factor of soil deterioration can be avoided by proper management.

6. A scientific approach to agriculture is the key to soil productivity.

Use phrases:

– I am going to ask you a question.

– I’d like to know ….

– What is your opinion on the question….

– I believe that…

– In my opinion…

– As to me…

Retell Text A.

Step 2