Студопедия

Главная страница Случайная страница

Разделы сайта

АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника






Step 1. (speaking-reading-speaking-writing)






1.1. Read the following international words and find their Ukrainian equivalents:

activity, produce, cultivation, basis, traditional, climate, hybrid, herbicide, equilibrium, natural, mechanization, machinery, temperature, condition, structure, regulate, combination, system, type, management.

 

1.2. Study the new words:

to mean (meant) означати
branch галузь
experience досвід
to reclaim освоювати
to disturb порушувати
crops сільськогосподарські культури
livestock худоба
to take into consideration брати до уваги
rainfall дощ
clay soils глинисті грунти
loamy soils жирні глинисті грунти
fertile родючий
moisture волога
food пожива, їжа
to provide надавати, забезпечувати
germination проростання
seed насіння
supply постачання
nutrient поживна речовина
need потреба
by means of при допомозі
manure гній
in order to для того, щоб
requirement вимога, потреба
cereals хлібні злаки
grain crop зернова культура
wheat пшениця
oat овес
cotton бавовна
corn кукурудза
weed бур'ян
pest комаха
disease хвороба
breed вирощувати, культивувати
arable орний
yield врожай
increase зростати, збільшуватися
arable land орна земля
to meet the needs (requirements) задовільняти потреби

1.3. Compare the words, define their word-building means and translate:

– farm, farming

– to produce, produce, production, productive, productivity

– to cultivate, cultivated, cultivation

– nature, natural, naturally

– to grow, grew, grown, growing, growth

– fertile, fertility, fertilizer

– to germinate, germination

– to vary, various, variant, variety

– crop, grain crops, cropping

– yield, yielding, high yielding

1. 4. Read Text A and find out:

1) what is the meaning of the word " ager"?

2) what is the basis of agriculture?

 

Text A. WHAT IS AGRICULTURE?

1. Agriculture is a human activity1 in which people use areas of land to produce food, clothing and other necessary materials.

2. The word2 " ager" is a Latin word. It means3 a field. The word " agriculture" means the cultivation of fields and growing crops. But this is the old meaning of this word. Now it also means the use of land to breed animals. At present there are two main branches4 of agriculture. They are crop growing and animal breeding.

3. We do not know when people began to grow crops. It was many thousand years ago. Now crop growing is a highly developed branch of agriculture.

4. The soil is the basis of agriculture. Enough food for all the people can be grown if there is sufficient good soil for crops to produce high yields. There are two ways to grow enough food. They are the increase in area of arable land and the intensification of agricultural production in the areas already used for cropping. At present the second way is more important because there is not enough experience5 to reclaim6 tropical and subtropical lands.

5. The intensification of production in the traditional agricultural areas is based on the knowledge of climate, soils and their use, and on a large collection of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops.

6. All intensification factors, such as full mechanization, high application of fertilizers and extensive use of herbicides must be used in such a way as not to disturb7 the biological equilibrium8 of the soil.

Notes and Commentaries:

1activity – діяльність

2word – слово

3to mean (meant) – означати

4branch – галузь

5experience – досвід (життєвий)

6to reclaim – освоювати

7to disturb -порушувати

8equilibrium – рівновага

 






© 2023 :: MyLektsii.ru :: Мои Лекции
Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав.
Копирование текстов разрешено только с указанием индексируемой ссылки на источник.