Главная страница Случайная страница
Разделы сайта
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
Контрольной работе №1
|
|
Грамматика
1. Имя существительное: множественное число, артикли. Притяжательный падеж. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод.
2. Имя прилагательное: Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
3. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные и неопределенные.
4. Оборот there be.
5. Времена группы Simple (Indefinite) действительного залога (Active Voice): Present, Past, Future.
6. Видовременные формы глагола: активный залог - формы Simple / Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous / Progressive (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); пассивный залог - формы Simple / Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
7. Модальные глаголы: модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), разрешение и вероятность: may (might) и их эквиваленты: to be able to, to be allowed to; модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must и его эквиваленты to have (got) to и to be to; should, ought to.
8. Неличные формы глагола: Participle I (простая форма) и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
| существительные, оканчивающиеся на согласный звук или гласную е | +s | dog - dogs name - names |
| существительные, оканчивающиеся на ss, х, sh, ch, о | +es | kiss - kisses box - boxes brush - brushes church - churches tomato - tomatoes |
| существительные, оканчивающиеся на букву у с предшествующей согласной буквой | +es | baby - babies |
1. Образуйте множественное число существительных с помощью суффикса -s / (-es):
atom, set, group, work, climate, trade, name, art, play, star, year, idea, sorrow, ray, culture, nature, doctor, sculpture, teacher, counter, conductor, leaf, life, shelf, knife, wife.
2. Напишите следующие существительные во множественном числе. Укажите, в каких случаях суффикс множественного числа произносится как [s], [z], [iz]:
Образец: map – ma p s[s] atom – ato m s[z] cage – сages [iz]
student, party, chair, ring, glass, face, leaf, fat, time, way, university, language, wing, salt, energy, design, book, problem, dictionary, class, change, subject, speech, rule.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставляя данные в скобках существительные в единственном или множественном числе:
1) Ann’s father told some funny.... The funniest... was about a giant clown. (story, stories)
2) Many... live in an apartment house. Tom’s... lives on the fourth floor. (family, families)
3) Do you know the name of your...? The travellers will see many.... (country, countries)
4) Ben’s dog has five brown.... One little... has a flat nose. (puppy, puppies)
5) Small... laugh and play. Jack’s... has a new toy. (baby, babies)
Существительное в притяжательном падеже является определением к следующему за ним существительному и отвечает на вопрос чей?, обозначая принадлежность предмета. Оно всегда ставится перед определяемым существительным, соответствуя в русском языке родительному падежу или притяжательному прилагательному. При переводе на русский язык определяемое слово, как правило, выносится на первое место.
Притяжательный падеж употребляется, в основном, для передачи различных отношений принадлежности: children’s note-book тетрадь детей, детская тетрадь, cat’s tail хвост кошки.
| Существительное | Ед. число | ’s | Jack’sfriend друг Джека; the girl’sdress платье девочки; the horse’sleg нога лошади. |
| Мн. число | s’ | Boys мальчики -boys’books книги мальчиков Friends друзья - my friends’car машина моих друзей Child ребенок – children дети - children’sbedroom спальня детей Woman женщина – women женщины - women’shandbags сумочки женщин |
4. Замените существительные с предлогом of существительными в притяжательном падеже:
a meeting of students, the flat of my mother-in-law, the rays of the sun, a distance of two miles, thejoys of life, the house of his parents, the theatres of Moscow, the children of my sister Mary, the rights of the women, the name of my friend.
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания па английский язык, употребляя притяжательный падеж:
письмо моего друга, рассказы этого писателя, библиотека института, дочь моей младшей сестры, младшая дочь моей сестры, стены этого старого дома, старые стены этого дома.
Если в английском предложении встречаются подряд два или несколько существительных, то главным из них является то, которое стоит последним, а все предыдущие только описывают его, отвечая на вопрос какой? Чаще всего эта конструкция может выражать: время, место, материал, из которого сделан предмет, назначение предмета и многое другое.
6. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
music school, full-part students, five-year plan, high speed car, University Art Department, district music school, labor time, television programme, fresh-water pond, research laboratory equipment.
Существительное употребляется с неопределенным артиклем, когда оно называет какой-нибудь – любой предмет из всего класса однородных предметов.
This is a table. Это стол. (предмет, который обычно называется столом, а не стул и т.п.).
His father is a doctor. Его отец – врач. (один из тех, кого называют словом врач, а не учитель, шофер и т.п.).
Существительное употребляется с определенным артиклем, когда речь идет об определенном предмете (или предметах), выделенном из класса предметов, к которому он относится. Thank you for the book you have bought me. Спасибо за книгу, которую ты купил мне. John has brought a book. The book is interesting. Джон принес книгу. (какую-то) Книга – интересная. (та, которую он принес).
7. Заполните пропуски соответствующими артиклями. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1)... man whom Mr. Smith telephoned this morning is here now.
2)... book which I am reading now belongs to John.
3) There is... pencil on the desk.
4) She is... good teacher.
5) Is this... book which you need?
6) I want to buy... new briefcase.
7)... good book is always a pleasure for me.
8) It is... good idea.
9)... picture painted by the student is beautiful.
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень | |
| Односложные наречия | hard | hard er | the hard est |
| Сложные наречия | beautifully | more beautifully | the most beautiful |
| Односложные прилагательные | big | bigg er | the biggest |
| Двуслоговые прилагательные -er, -oiv, -y, -le | happy | happi er | the happi est |
| Сложные прилагательные | interesting | more interesting | the most interesting |
8. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий с помощью суффиксов -er, -est:
short, cold, wide, early, big, near, late, fast, small, old, nice, young, large, kind, long, quick, easy.
9. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий с помощью слов more, (the) most:
interesting, carefully, comfortable, progressive, efficient, clearly, beautiful, difficult, beautifully, regularly, prominent, brightly, especially, wonderful, realistic, remarkable, special, dependent, attentively, important.
10. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:
1) My brother is much... than myself. (young)
2) The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city. (beautiful)
3) The sound grew... and.... (faint)
4) The party was not so... as I had expected. (funny)
5) I have no one... than you. (near)
6) What is the... news? (late)
7) Yesterday I came home... than usual. (late)
8) Ann sings far... than Nina. (well)
9) I like this picture... of all. (well)
11. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сравнительные союзы: the…the, as…as, not so…as:
1. He is as tall as his brother.
2. This text is as difficult as that.
3. He is not so (as) tall as his brother.
4. The problem is not so simple as it seems.
5. Her sister is not so pretty as she is.
6. She is not so beautiful as you (are).
7. The sooner the better.
8. The more we learn the more we know.
9. The more he thought the deeper did he realize that…
10. The molecules move quicker the higher the temperature is.
| Личные местоимения | I | we | you | they | he | she | it | you |
| Притяжательные местоимения | my | our | your | their | his | her | its | your |
12. Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями, соответствующими личным местоимениям, данным в скобках:
1) (Не)... composition is very interesting.
2) (We)... son goes to school.
3) (You)... sister is young.
4) (They)... knowledge of the subject is very poor.
5) (He)... name is John.
6) (I)... family lives in Kiev.
7) (She)... friends often visit her.
13. Употребите нужную форму личных местоимений:
1) I often see (they, them) in the bus.
2) She lives near (we, us).
3) (We, us) always walk to school together.
4) He teaches (we, us) English.
5) She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.
6) I always speak to (he, him) in English.
7) What is the matter with (he, him) today?
8) He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning.
9) There are some letters here for you and (I, me).
10) I know (she, her) and her sister very well.
14. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений:
1) Would you like to see some of (her, hers) poems?
2) (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).
3) You take care of (your, yours) things and I’ll take care of (my, mine).
4) All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.
5) (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours).
6) I’m afraid they will take (your, yours) words against (her, hers).
7) (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.
| this | этот | that | тот |
| these | эти | those | те |
15. Заполните пропуски указательными местоимениями this, that, these, those:
1) All... is very interesting.
2)... exercises are very easy.
3)... will do.
4)... chair is very comfortable.
5)... is my English book.
6) Try one of....
7)... are the TV sets of the latest type.
8)... office at the end of the hall is the administration office.
9)... books are over there on the table.
| Some (+) | исч. сущ. мн. ч. | несколько | I know some famous Russian writers. Я знаю несколько знаменитых российских писателей. |
| неисч. сущ. | немного | We bought some coffee in the shop. Мы купили немного кофе в магазине. | |
| Any (?) | исч. сущ. | какие-либо, какие-нибудь | Have you got any interesting English magazines to read? У вас есть какие-нибудь интересные английские журналы (почитать)? |
| неисч. сущ. | сколько-нибудь | Have you got any milk here? Здесь есть молоко? (сколько-нибудь молока) | |
| Any (-) | not | никакие | They haven’t got any mistakes in this sentence. В этом предложении у них нет никаких ошибок. Don’t take any pictures from here, please. Пожалуйста, не фотографируйте здесь. |
16. Заполните пропуски местоимениями some или any. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. You will need... warm clothes there.
2. I don’t have... money with me.
3. Please, give me... more coffee. – I’m sorry, but there isn’t … more coffee.
4. I’m sorry, but I didn’t have... time to prepare my lessons last night.
5. It was in Greece that ancient civilization was highly developed.
6. I didn’t have... stamps, so I went to the post-office to buy...
7. Please, put... water in that vase, the flowers are fading.
8. There are... famous museums in that city but we didn’t have time to visit...
9. The doctor gave me... medicine for my cough.
10. There aren’t... students in the room at the moment.
| МЕСТОИМЕ-НИЯ | ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ | ||
| +thing | +body | +one | |
| Some | something что-то, что-нибудь, что-либо, нечто | somebody кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо, кое-кто, некто | someone кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо, кое-кто, некто |
| Any | anything что-нибудь, все, что угодно | anybody кто-то, кто-либо, кто-нибудь, всякий, любой | anyone кто-то, кто-либо, кто-нибудь, всякий, любой |
| No | nothing ничто, ничего | nobody никто, никого | no one никто, никого |
| Every | everything всё | everybody все | everyone все, каждый |
17. Заполните пропуски местоимениями some, any, no, every и их производными. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) Не found... new words in this lesson.
2) I have... living in that city.
3) She comes here... day. You can find her in... time between nine and six.
4) If you have... against me, speak out.
5) Have... more ice-сream. – Thanks,... more for me.
6)... day he comes here and asks me the same questions.
7)... was ready.
8) I told you... I had to tell. There is hardly... to add.
| УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ | ||
| С НЕИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ | С ИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ | ПЕРЕВОД |
| much | many | много |
| little | few | мало |
| a little | a few | немного |
18. Заполните пропуски местоимениями much, many, little, few. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) Very... people know about it.
2) He is a man of... words.
3)... was said but... done.
4) Say... and do....
5)... heard about the book but... read it.
6) There isn’t... harm in it.
7) He has very... knowledge of the matter.
8)... is spoken about it, but... believe it.
9) We have... friends in Saint-Petersburg.
10) There were very... mistakes in his spelling.
19. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на местоимения one (ones), that (those):
1) This text is more difficult than that one.
2) One of the students is absent today.
3) One must always try to speak English at our lessons.
4) There is only one way to do it.
5) Those present at the meeting were the teachers from our school.
6) I like to read English books as well as Russian ones.
7) The students of the first group study better than those of the second one.
8) These pictures are better than those.
9) This film is more interesting than that I saw last week.
10) I don’t like this book. Give me another one.
20. Вставьте необходимое вопросительное местоимение: who, when, what, which, whose, whom:
1. … are these guys?
2. … did you bring here?
3. … is this thing?
4. … is this jacket?
5. … seat are you choosing?
6. … did you come back?
Предложения с оборотом there + be (в соответствующей форме) указывают на наличие или отсутствие (при отрицании) какого-либо (неопределенного) лица или предмета в определенном месте. Такие предложения строятся по схеме:
| THERE | BE (в соответствующей форме) | ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ | ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО МЕСТА |
| There | is | a table | in the room. |
| В комнате есть (имеется) стол. |
21. Употребите оборот there is (are) в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык:
1)... a new moon tonight.
2)... someone at the door.
3)... a lot of students absent today.
4)... three lamps in the room.
5)... two large windows in the room.
6) But... only one door.
7)... a lot of English classes in our school.
8)... nobody in the room now.
9)... no one at home.
10)... twelve months in a year.
11)... a letter for you on the table.
12)... several beautiful parks in this city.
22. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: There is a flag on the top of the building.
Is there a flag on the top of the building?
There isn’t a flag on the top of the building.
1) There is a big parade today.
2) There are two lamps in the room.
3) There are ten new words in the lesson.
4) There are enough chairs for everyone.
5) There is a good restaurant near here.
6) There is a comfortable chair in each room.
7) There are many pictures on the walls of our room.
8) There are more than ten sentences in each exercise.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (we, you, they) ask. He (she, it) asks. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Do I (we, you, they) ask? Doeshe (she, it) ask? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (we, you, they) do not ask. He (she, it) does not ask. |
23. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Present Simple:
1) We (read) the newspaper in class every day.
2) He always (prepare) his homework carefully.
3) We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.
4) She (speak) several foreign languages.
5) The children (play) in the park every afternoon.
6) Helen (work) very hard.
7) They (take) a lot of trips together.
8) We always (travel) by car.
9) I (eat) lunch in the cafeteria every day.
10) We (walk) to the bus stop every morning.
11) Dad (watch) a lot of sport on TV at the weekends.
12) She (not help) her mum with housework every day.
13) I (write) e-mails every day.
14) Beckham (score) a goal every time he (play) football.
15) He (replay) to all his e-mails immediately.
24. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: John goes there twice a week.
Does John go there twice a week?
John doesn’t go there twice a week.
1) He knows French perfectly.
2) I understand everything he says.
3) She makes mistakes in spelling.
4) They enjoy their English lessons.
5) They live in Kiev.
6) We use our books in class.
7) The plane leaves at ten o’clock.
8) She always comes to class late.
9) I always take the same bus to work.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) asked. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | DidI (he, she, it, we, you, they) ask? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) did not ask. |
25. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Simple:
1) We (work) in our garden all day yesterday.
2) I (listen) to the radio until twelve o’clock last night.
3) He always (want) to learn English.
4) Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday.
5) They (live) in France for many years.
6) The meeting (last) about two hours.
7) I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.
8) She (study) in our class last semester.
9) We (watch) television until eleven o’clock last night.
10) Mr. and Mrs. Simpson (invite) all their friends and neighbours to a party last night.
11) In the morning my parents (work) outside.
12) I (meet) a friend on my way to class.
13) Someone (steal) my bike and I (have to) to call the police.
14) I (play) football on my weekend.
15) In winter I (skate).
26. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: Не prepared his lesson well.
Did he prepare his lesson well?
He didn’t prepare his lesson well.
1) They stayed in Moscow all summer.
2.) She planned her work well.
3) The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.
4) He worked in that Institute for many years.
5) We arrived home late.
6) He entered this class in April.
7) Ann passed all her examinations.
8) The meeting lasted a long time.
9) They travelled there by train.
10) She decided to write a letter to her parents at home.
27. Образуйте Past Simple и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:
to build, to think, to go, to see, to give, to meet, to write, to read, to know, to take, to teach, to feel, to have, to come, to begin, to find, to get, to say, to tell, to put, to leave, to do, to sing, to lose, to stand.
28. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) I (forget) to bring my notebook to class yesterday.
2) The telephone (ring) twice but no one answered it.
3) George (think) about his troubles continuously.
4) Last year Professor Johnes (teach) us both English and mathematics.
5) I (lose) my English book yesterday but (find) it later.
6) The Petrovs (take) their two children to the South with them.
7) He (tell) the whole story to us.
8) The meeting (begin) at ten o’clock yesterday.
9) They (go) to the park after the lesson.
29. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя данные в скобках вопросительные слова:
Образец: Не arrived at ten o’clock.
(What time) What time did he arrive?
1) They sat in the first row. (In which row)
2) The performance lasted two hours. (How long)
3) He went to Saint-Petersburg to see some friends. (Why)
4) She put the mail on my desk. (Where)
5) He walked to school with Mary. (Whom with)
6) They spoke to us in French. (In what language)
7) He arrived home very late. (When)
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will ask. (I (we) shall ask.) |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Will I (he, she, it, we, you, they) ask? (Shall I (we) ask?) |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will not ask. (I (we) shall not ask.) |
30. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Future Simple:
1) Helen (find) the book which you need.
2) They (see) us tomorrow.
3) He (finish) the work in April.
4) The shops (close) at noon today.
5) We (arrive) at three o’clock.
6) She (tell) you all about it.
7) You (spend) two months in the South.
8) The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine.
9) The meeting (begin) at eight o’clock.
10) The film (last) an hour.
11) They (learn) a lot of English during the six-week summer school.
12) Dad (enter) the competition and try to win a racing car!
13) I’m cold. I think I (put) the heating on.
14) I promise I (buy) you something nice for your birthday.
15) This computer (work) faster than your old one.
16) I’m sure you (live) in London when you are older.
31. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: They will arrive at three o’clock.
Will they arrive at three o’clock?
They won’t arrive at three o’clock.
1) They will return in October.
2) These exercises will be easy for you.
3) He will be able to meet us later.
4) Our drama society will present a new play this year.
5) The lesson will be over at twelve o’clock.
6) There will be three new students in the class.
7) She will leave a message on the table for him.
8) They will write to us on Wednesday.
9) We shall take the children to the park.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I am asking. He (she, it) is asking. You (we, they) are asking. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Am I asking? Is he (she, it) asking? Are you (we, they) asking? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I am not asking. He (she, it) is not asking. You (we, they) are not asking. |
32. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Present Continuous:
Образец: Look! It (begin) to rain.
Look! It is beginning to rain.
They (wait) for us on the corner now.
They are waiting for us on the corner now.
1) I see that you (wear) your new suit today.
2) Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.
3) The bus (stop) for us now.
4) Please, be quiet! The baby (sleep).
5) The leaves (begin) to fall from the trees.
6) John (have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
7) Listen! I think the telephone (ring).
8) Ann seems to be very busy. I guess she (prepare) her English lesson.
33. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: They are working.
Are they working?
They aren’t working.
1) You are doing that exercise correctly.
2) He is looking for the book which he lost.
3) All the birds are flying south.
4) The sky is getting very dark.
5) They are laughing at what you said.
6) They are travelling in Europe at present.
7) Helen is taking dancing lessons at the country club.
8) Mr. Evans is writing a series of articles on the economic situation.
9) Ann is doing well in her studies at present.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it) was asking. You (we, they) were asking. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Was I (he, she, it) asking? Were you (we, they) asking? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it) was not asking. You (we, they) were not asking. |
34. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Continuous:
Образец: 1) They (eat) dinner when we came.
They were eating dinner when we came.
2) It (rain) when I left home.
It was raining when I left home.
1) When you telephoned, I (have) dinner.
2) The baby (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.
3) She (talk) with Mr. Smith when I saw her in the hall.
4) The accident happened while they (travel) in the South.
5) When I got up this morning, the sun (shine) brightly.
6) At seven o’clock, when you telephoned, I (read) the newspaper.
7) Mary (play) the piano when I arrived.
8) Helen fell just as she (get) off the bus.
9) The wind (blow) hard when I came to work this morning.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will be asking. (I (we) shall beasking.) |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Will I (he, she, it, we, you, they)be asking? (ShallI (we) beasking?) |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will not be asking. (I (we) shall not beasking.) |
35. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Future Continuous:
Образец: At ten o’clock tomorrow morning she (have) her music lesson.
At ten o’clock tomorrow morning she will be having her music lesson.
1) I (wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow morning.
2) It probably (rain) when you get back.
3) If you come before six, I (work) in my garden.
4) At this time tomorrow afternoon I (take) my final English examination.
5) If we go there now, they (have) dinner. But if we go later, they (watch) television.
6) At this time next year he (study) at the university.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (we, you, they) have asked. He (she, it) hasasked. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Have I (we, you, they) asked? Has he (she, it)asked? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (we, you, they) have not asked. He (she, it) has notasked. |
36. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Present Perfect:
1) I (speak) to him about it several times.
2) We (learn) many new words in this course.
3) He (make) that same mistake several times.
4) I (hear) that story before.
5) I am afraid that I (lose) my car keys.
6) She (see) this film three times.
7) I (tell) John what you said.
8) She (return) my book at last.
9) She says that she (lose) her new pocket-book.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had asked. |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Had I (he, she, it, we, you, they) asked? |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had not asked. |
37. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Perfect:
1) I was sure that I (see) the man before.
2) I asked him why he (leave) the party so early.
3) It was clear that he (give) us the wrong address.
4) The teacher corrected the exercises which I (prepare).
5) He knew that he (make) a serious mistake.
6) She said she (look) everywhere for the book.
7) I felt that I (meet) the man somewhere before.
8) He wanted to know what (happen) to his briefcase.
| ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ | ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ |
| УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will have asked. (I (we) shall have asked.) |
| ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ | Will I (he, she, it, we, you, they) have asked? (Shall I (we) have asked?) |
| ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will not have asked. (I (we) shall not have asked.) |
38. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Future Perfect:
1) I am sure they (complete) the new road by June.
2) He says that before he leaves he (see) every show in town.
3) By the time you arrive, I (finish) reading your book.
4) I (be) in this country two years on next January.
5) A year from now he (take) his medical examinations and (begin) to practise.
6) If you don’t make a note of that appointment, you (forget) it by next week.
39. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен группы Perfect:
1) Не has told her all about his travel.
2) I have never been to St. Petersburg.
3) Have you finished your homework?
4) They have been friends for years.
5) By the time he leaves home, we shall have come to the station.
6) We are sure that he will have kept his promise.
7) She told us that she had not finished her report yet.
8) He has been the best student in the class.
9) She said she had had her lunch.
10) By the end of the week we shall already have translated this book.
11) They have been absent from class all week.
40. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на окончания -s, ’s, -s’:
1) In England there is an infants’ school and a junior school.
2) It was not our idea, it was theirs.
3) My friend’s sons read English well.
4) She studies English and French at the courses of foreign languages.
5) The students of our group like to read English books.
6) Our scientists’ discoveries in the exploration of the outer space are known all over the world.
7) This engineer’s report contains very interesting data.
| МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ, ВЫРАЖАЮЩИЕ НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ СОВЕРШЕНИЯ ДЕЙСТВИЯ | |||
| № п/п | ГЛАГОЛ | ХАРАКТЕРНЫЕ ОТТЕНКИ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ | ПРИМЕР |
| MUST | Неизбежность совершения действия, обусловленная объективными причинами | He must understand it. Он должен понять это. | |
| Вынужденность совершения действия, обусловленная объективными причинами | You must not ask too much of it. Вы не должны спрашивать про это слишком много. | ||
| Необходимость, обусловленная субъективным мнением говорящего | I must be off as soon as I can. Я должен уйти, как только смогу. | ||
| SHOULD | Необходимость совершения действия, вызванная субъективным мнением говорящего | You shouldn't have come here. Тебе не следовало приходить сюда. | |
| Необходимость совершения действия, вызванная объективными причинами | Insulators should be kept very clean. Изоляторы должны храниться в чистоте. | ||
| OUGHT | Необходимость совершения действия, вызванная субъективным мнением говорящего | I ought to do all I can to comfort her. Я должен сделать все, что могу, чтобы успокоить ее. | |
| Целесообразность действия, обусловленная субъективным мнением говорящего | Perhaps I ought to have a talk to him about it first. Наверное, мне следует сначала поговорить с ним об этом. | ||
| SHALL | Необходимость совершения действия, обусловленная субъективным мнением говорящего | Henryshallgo home. Генри должен пойти домой. | |
| Вопросительное предложение сshallсодержит вопрос говорящего о мнении собеседника по поводу совершения действия | Shall I open the door? Мне открыть дверь? | ||
| NEED | Передает оттенок нужности, надобности действия | We needn't talk to each other unless we feel like it. Нам не нужно говорить друг с другом, если только мы не захотим этого. | |
| TO HAVE TO | Вынужденность действия | I didn't have to make any decisions. Мне не пришлось принимать решения. | |
| Надобность действия | I haveto know it. Мне надо это знать. | ||
| TO BE* | Неизбежность совершения действия | The novel, which is to be his last one has found a new sense. Роман, которому суждено было стать его последним романом, нашел новый смысл. | |
| Необходимость совершения действия согласно предварительной договоренности | He was to come yesterday. Он должен был прийти вчера. | ||
| Необходимость совершения действия, вызванная объективными причинами | The wire may also be made of any metal though soft metals are to be avoided. Провод также может быть сделан из любого металла, хотя мягкие металлы не следует использовать. |
41. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальный глагол must:
1) Her English is very poor, she must study very hard.
2) They must spend more time on their English.
3) You must help her in every way possible.
4) We must learn at least ten new words every day.
5) He must leave at once.
6) The students must do their homework regularly.
7) You must do this important work quickly.
42. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can или may. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1)... I ask you to explain the rule once more?
2)... you lend me your dictionary?
3) You... take this book. I don’t need it.
4) It was a very popular song at the time, you... hear it everywhere.
5)... I ask you to do me a favour?
6) Atoms of different kinds... join together in different ways.
7) They... continue their experiment.
43. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на глаголы to have to и to be to:
1) It looks like raining. You have to take your raincoat.
2) Remember that we are to be at this place not later than eight.
3) He will have to stay there for a month.
4) We are to leave on Monday.
5) The children had to stay indoors because it was raining.
6) Nobody met me when I came, because I was to arrive by the ten o’clock train, but I couldn’t get a ticket for it.
7) We had to touch upon this question at the scientific conference.
8) You will have to work hard to finish the work in time.
44. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
1) She... play chess well.
2)... I take your pen?
3)... I ask you a question?
4) You... not talk at the lesson.
5) He... not speak English last year.
6) My sister... not play piano two years ago, but now she...
7) You... get this novel in our library.
8) I... go to the library today to prepare for my report at the conference.
9)... you do me a favour?
45. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: Не can play chess well.
Can he play chess well?
He can’t play chess well.
1) We must tell her this news.
2) He may smoke here.
3) She can speak English perfectly.
4) The students must translate the text at home.
5) We can go to the theatre tonight.
6) We shall be able to help them.
7) They had to wait for a long time.
8) His friend couldn’t get this book.
9) You were allowed to take this book home.
10) May I go home now?
11) They were allowed to come at four.
| SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) | CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) | PERFECT | |
| PRESENT | Iaminvited | Iam beinginvited | Ihave beeninvited |
| PAST | Iwasinvited | Iwas beinginvited | Ihad beeninvited |
| FUTURE | Iwill beinvited | не существует | Iwill have beeninvited |
46. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Образец: They developed a new method of teaching.
A new method of teaching was developed by them. –
Новый метод обучения был разработан ими.
1) The audience enjoyed the concert very much.
2) The little boy ate the cake.
3) The teacher corrects our exercises at home.
4) They started a dancing class last week.
5) Everybody will see this film soon.
6) The teacher returned our written work to us.
7) Mr. Smith will leave the tickets at the box-office.
8) The students translate texts during the lessons.
9) Mary took that book from the desk.
47. Замените в следующих предложениях страдательный залог действительным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Образец: This letter was written by John.
John wrote this letter.
Джон написал это письмо.
1) The entire city was destroyed by the fire.
2) The lecture was attended by many people.
3) The book will be published in spring.
4) The class is taught by Mr. Smith.
5) This car was designed by a French engineer.
6) This book is always read by the students of the first course.
7) The letter was left on the table.
8) The house was struck by lightning.
9) The cries of the child were heard by everyone.
48. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: Не was sent to New York.
Was he sent to New York?
He was not sent to New York.
1) The first prize was won by John.
2) Our exercises are corrected each night by the teacher.
3) The mail is delivered at ten o’clock.
4) The bridge will be finished this year.
5) The contract will be signed tomorrow.
6) His report was listened to with great interest.
7) The film is much spoken about.
8) All the letters are looked through by the secretary.
9) All these books were published by this publishing house.
| ФОРМЫ ПРИЧАСТИЯ | |||
| ЗАЛОГ (VOICE) | PARTICIPLE I | PARTICIPLE I PERFECT | PARTICIPLE II |
| ACTIVE | asking | having asked | asked |
| PASSIVE | being asked | having been asked |
| ФУНКЦИИ ПРИЧАСТИЯ I В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ | |||
| № п/п | ФУНКЦИЯ | ПРИМЕР | |
| Определение Употребляется перед определяемым существительным (левое определение) или после него (правое определение). На русский язык такое причастие переводится причастием действительного залога настоящего времени. Правое определение часто бывает выражено причастием I с относящимися к нему словами и в этом случае переводится на русский язык причастным оборотом | growingtrees растущие деревья Look at the trees growingin our garden. Посмотри на деревья, растущие в нашем саду. | ||
| Обстоятельство Употребляется в начале или в конце предложения. В этом случае причастие I обычно переводится на русский язык деепричастием, оканчивающимся на -(а)я | Readingan English book he wrote out many new words. Читая английскую книгу, он выписал много новых слов. | ||
| ФУНКЦИИ ПРИЧАСТИЯ II В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ | |||
| Определение В этой функции причастие II употребляется либо перед определяемым словом (слева от него), либо после (справа). В последнем случае, если нет относящихся к нему слов, при переводе причастие переносится влево. На русский язык причастие II обычно переводится причастием страдательного залога на -мый, -щийся, -нный, -тый, -вшийся | the solvedproblem, the problem solved решенная задача the houses built построенные дома the openedbook открытая книга the method used используемый метод | ||
| Обстоятельство причины Соответствует в русском языке причастиям на -мый, -щийся, -нный, -тый, -вшийсяили придаточным предложениям причины | Well-knownall over the world the Russian book on electronics was also translated into English. Так как русская книга по электронике известна во всем мире, она была переведена и на английский язык. | ||
| Обстоятельство времени Соответствует в русском языке придаточным предложениям времени. Такие обстоятельственные причастные обороты могут иногда вводиться союзами when когда, while в то время как, во время | When giventhe book read the article about environment protection. Когда вам дадут книгу, прочтите статью об охране окружающей среды. | ||
49. Найдите в предложениях формы Participle I и Participle II. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию: определение или обстоятельство:
1. A smiling girl.
2. A swimming man.
3. The men building our house with me are my friends.
4. The house being built in our street is a new building of school.
5. Translating the article he consulted the dictionary.
6. While translating the article the student consulted the dictionary.
7. Being built of wood the bridge could not carry heavy loads.
8. My sister likes boiled eggs.
9. We stopped before a shut door.
10. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away.
11. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room.
12. This is a church built many years ago.
13. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England.
50. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II:
1. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live. b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful. c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
2. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double. b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student’s dictation always corrects it. c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: “Fire! Fire! ”
3. a) The word said by the student was not correct. b) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician. c) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand.
4. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow. b) He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams. When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name.
5. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important. b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian. c) While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.
6. a) A word spoken in time may have very important results. b) The students speaking good English must help their classmates. c) The speaking doll interested the child very much. d) While speaking to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about his sister.
51. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия:
1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil. b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful. b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table? b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister. b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs. b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.
8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.
9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.
10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
11 (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.
13. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.
14. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.
15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.
|
|