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Text 4. Electric power transmission






Task 1 Write down and try to remember the following words and expressions:

bulk transfer - передача большого количества/объема; substation - подстанция; consumer - потребитель; overhead power transmission lines - воздушные линии электропередач; colloquially – разговорно (в разговорной речи); grid - сетка; alternating current (AC) - переменный ток; direct current (DC) - постоянный ток; conductor - проводник; insulation - изоляция, изоляционный материал; to cover - покрывать; alloy - сплав; strand - жила, кабель; to reinforce – усиливать, укреплять; commodity - предмет потребления, товар; sub transmission voltage - напряжение при передаче электричества на небольшие расстояния; circuit - эл.цепь.

 

Task 2 Read the text.

Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers, is the bulk transfer of electrical power. Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a populated area. Electricity distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Electric power transmission allows distant energy sources (such as hydroelectric power plants) to be connected to consumers in population centers.

Due to the large amount of power involved, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above). Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas due to its high cost of installation and maintenance.

A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a " grid". AC power transmission is the transmission of electric power by alternating current. Usually transmission lines use three phase AC current. In electric railways, single phase AC current is sometimes used in a railway electrification system. In urban areas, trains may be powered by DC at 600 volts or so.

Overhead conductors are not covered by insulation. The conductor material is nearly always an aluminum alloy, made into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands. Conductors are a commodity supplied by several companies worldwide. Improvements in conductor material and shape may allow increased circuit capacity and is occasionally done to modernize a transmission circuit.

Today, transmission-level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above. Lower voltages such as 69 kV and 33 kV are usually considered sub-transmission voltages but are occasionally used on long lines with light loads. Voltages less than 33 kV are usually used for distribution. Voltages above 230 kV are considered extra high voltage and require different designs compared to equipment used at lower voltages.

 

Task 3. Find English equivalents for the following collocations:

населенный район; большое количество энергии; высокое напряжение; передавать на большое расстояние; подземная электропередача; густонаселенные районы; установка и обслуживание; трехфазный ток; железные дороги; однофазный ток; городские районы; стальные жилы; легкие нагрузки; цепь электропередачи.

 

Task 4. Find 10-12 international words in the text above and translate them.

Task 5. Answer the questions:

 

1) What is electric power transmission? 2) What is electricity distribution? 3) What is a grid? 4) What conductor material is usually used? 5) What is the aim of improvements in conductor material? 6) What are transmission-level voltages?

 

 






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