WrItIng eSSaYS

Цілі: формувати навички письма; вдосконалювати навички усного мовлен- ня, читання; розвивати культуру спілкування й мовленнєву реакцію учнів; ви- ховувати зацікавленість у розширенні своїх знань.

Procedure

1. Warm-up

Name the types of writing you know.

2. speaking

Discuss the following questions.

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1) Does the environment belong principally to the human race?

2) Do your consumption habits destroy the habitats of other species?

3) Do you think that developers should be permitted to build big hotels and tourist complexes in the most beautiful places in your country?

4) Should the private motorist be made to pay more heavily through high- er road tax, petrol prices, parking fees and motorway tolls?

5) Should cars be banned from city, town and village centres?

6) Are you for or against nuclear power?

7) Does your country need stricter laws to punish noisy neighbours or dis- cos which play loud music late at night?

8) Are your country’s seas, rivers and / or lakes clean to swim in?

9) What government and private campaigns are there in your country to

protect and improve the environment? Are these campaigns motivated by concern for the lives and habitats of species other than our own?

3. Reading

Do ex. 1, p. 155.

4. speaking

Do ex. 2, 3, p. 155.

5. speaking and writing

Do ex. 4, p. 156.

6. Reading

Do ex. 5, 6, p. 157.

7. Reading and speaking

Do ex. 7, p. 158.

8. summary

What are five ways that every person can help the environment, start- ing now?

9. Homework

Do ex. 8, p. 160.

Use the following list of environmental issues for your ideas.

Climate change — Global warming • Global dimming • Fossil fuels • Sea level rise • Greenhouse gas • Ocean acidification • Shutdown of ther- mohaline circulation • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Urban Heat Islands

Conservation — Species extinction • Pollinator decline • Coral bleach- ing • Holocene extinction • Invasive species • Poaching • Endangered species

Energy — Energy conservation • Renewable energy • Efficient energy use • Renewable energy commercialization • Environmental impact of the coal industry

Environmental degradation — Eutrophication • Habitat destruction • Invasive species

Environmental health — Air quality • Asthma • Environmental im- pact of the coal industry • Electromagnetic fields • Electromagnetic ra- diation and health • Indoor air quality • Lead poisoning • Sick Building Syndrome

Genetic engineering — Genetic pollution • Genetically modified food controversies

Intensive farming — Overgrazing • Irrigation • Monoculture • Envi- ronmental effects of meat production • Slash and burn • Pesticide drift • Plasticulture

Land degradation — Land pollution • Desertification

Soil — Soil conservation • Soil erosion • Soil contamination • Soil sali- nation

Land use — Urban sprawl • Habitat fragmentation • Habitat de- struction

Nanotechnology — Nanotoxicology • Nanopollution

Nuclear issues — Nuclear fallout • Nuclear meltdown • Nuclear power • Nuclear weapons • Nuclear and radiation accidents • Nuclear safety • High-level radioactive waste management.

Overpopulation — Burial • Water crisis • Overpopulation in compan- ion animals • Tragedy of the commons • Gender Imbalance in Developing Countries • Sub-replacement fertility levels in developed countries

Ozone depletion — CFC • Biological effects of UV exposure

Pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Nonpoint source pollution • Point source pollution • Light pollution • Noise pollu- tion • Visual pollution

Water pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Acid rain • Eutrophication • Marine pollution • Ocean dumping • Oil spills • Thermal pollution • Urban runoff • Water crisis • Marine debris • Micro- plastics • Ocean acidification • Ship pollution • Wastewater • Fish kill • Algal bloom • Mercury in fish

Air pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Smog • Tropospheric ozone • Indoor air quality • Volatile organic compound • Particulate matter

Reservoirs — Environmental impacts of reservoirs

Resource depletion — Exploitation of natural resources • Over- drafting

Consumerism — Consumer capitalism • Planned obsolescence • Over- consumption

Fishing — Blast fishing • Bottom trawling • Cyanide fishing • Ghost nets • Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing • Overfishing • Shark finning • Whaling

Logging — Clearcutting • Deforestation • Illegal logging

Mining — Acid mine drainage • Hydraulic fracturing • Mountaintop removal mining • Slurry impoundments

Toxins — Chlorofluorocarbons • DDT • Endocrine disruptors • Di- oxin • Toxic heavy metals • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Herbicides • Pesticides • Toxic waste • PCB • Bioaccumulation • Biomag- nification

Waste — Electronic waste • Litter • Waste disposal incidents • Ma- rine debris • Medical waste • Landfill • Leachate • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Incineration • Great Pacific Garbage Patch • Ex- porting of hazardous waste

unIt 6. SPEaKIng aBout art…

Lesson 58

are YoUIntereStedInart?

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Цілі: формувати лексичні навички й навички вимови; вдосконалювати на-

вички читання й усного мовлення; розвивати мовну здогадку й мовленнєву

реакцію учнів; виховувати зацікавленість у розширенні своїх знань.

1. Warm-up

Do ex. 1, p. 165.

2. speaking

Procedure

Do ex. 3, p. 165 (questions 1–6).

3. Vocabulary practice

Match forms of art tools and their definitions.

Key: 1 e, 2 d, 3 a, 4 h, 5 c, 6 g, 7 b, 8 f.

4. Reading

Do ex. 4, p. 165.

5. Writing

From the text in ex. 4, p. 165 write out all the word which are connected

with painting and which would be useful for describing other paintings.

6. Listening

Listen to the dialogue and do the task.

AT A FLEA-MARKET

V e n d o r. Hello, Madam, What can I do for you today?

C u s t o m e r (picking up a beautiful hand-painted plate). This is quite lovely. Where was it made?

V e n d o r. Oh, I see you have excellent taste. It’s local pottery. It was painted by a local artist.

C u s t o m e r. It’s really something… do you have anything else by this artist?

V e n d o r. Well, I’m not really sure who exactly painted which pieces of pottery, but here are some similar pieces.

C u s t o m e r. No, they’re really not the same.

V e n d o r. Well, how about these here? I had them brought in just this morning.

C u s t o m e r. Yes, those are quite nice. What about the prices?

V e n d o r. Obviously, it depends on what you would like to buy. That plate that you were first looking at costs $50.

C u s t o m e r. $50! That’s quite expensive. I can’t afford that.

V e n d o r. These are hand painted pieces, that kind doesn’t come cheaply. C u s t o m e r. Yes, I understand that. But I really think that $50 is just

too much.

V e n d o r. Listen, I can see that you are in love with that plate. Let’s just make it $45. I’d really like you to take that home with you.

C u s t o m e r. How about $35. I really can’t go any higher than that. V e n d o r. I really can’t, I mean that would be selling at cost.

C u s t o m e r. Well, $38 is absolutely the most I can spend.

V e n d o r. All right. I really shouldn’t. The artist is going to have me put out of business for selling his wares at such low prices.

C u s t o m e r. Come, come. Let’s not exaggerate. V e n d o r. You’re a clever one, aren’t you?

C u s t o m e r. I’m just someone who pays close attention to what I spend. V e n d o r. There’s no shame in that. Here you are.

C u s t o m e r. Thank you very much.

V e n d o r. Thank you, have a pleasant day.

4) What does the vendor say the artist is going to do?

a) Put him out of business b) Give him a raise c) Provide a refund

5) Why does the customer demand a lower price?

a) The customer is very poor

b) The customer pays close attention to what he spends. с) The customer claims the plates are made in a factory. Key: 1 a, 2 a, 3 c, 4 a, 5 b.

7. summary

What would life be like without art?

8. Homework

Do ex. 5, p. 168.

Lesson 59