Exercises. 4. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations: 1

4. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations:

5. Arrange the synonyms in pairs and translate them:

permanent numbers, block diagram, to call, memory, for example, a step, a routine, calculation, location, to share, storage, a stage, constant numbers, computation, subroutine, to term, for instance, subcode, to divide, a program, cell, flow chart

6. Form two sentences of your own with each word combination:

from this point of view, to set aside, at the coder’s side, in other words, the rest of

7. Memorize the following definitions:

1. A subroutine is a part of a program that performs a logical section of the over-all function of the program. 2. A jump or a branch is a departure from the normal sequence of program steps. 3. A library of subroutines is any collection of subroutines, which have been written for general application and can be incorporated in different programs when required. 4. A flow chart or a block diagram is a diagrammatic representation of a sequence of events usually drawn with conventional symbols representing different types of events and their interconnection.

8. Answer the following questions:

1. How many kinds of numbers does the address contain? 2. What are permanent numbers? 3. What are temporary numbers? 4. What memory locations do we call temporaries? 5. What is a flow chart? 6. When is a flow chart made? 7. What symbols are used in a flow chart? 8. What is symbolic coding? 9. What is a subroutine? 10. What must the coder know in order to use a subroutine? 11. What is a jump or a branch made for? 12. What is a subroutine library? 13. Where is the subroutine library stored?

9. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:

a) to be late – опаздывать

later than – позже чем

in the late 60s – в конце 60-х годов

the latest – самый последний

the former... the latter... – первый (из упомянутых)..., последний (из упомянутых)

1. Our professor is never late for his lectures. 2. This program was made later than it was planned. 3. In the late 60s the second generation of computers appeared and began to operate. 4. The latest achievements of up-to-date computing technique are applied in our computing centre. 5. The CPU consists of two parts: the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit; the former receives and interprets instructions and generates control signals, the latter performs real computations.

b) to set – ставить, помещать, устанавливать

to set aside – откладывать

to set up – основывать, учреждать

a set – набор, комплект, множество, прибор

a set of – ряд

to preset – заранее помещать

1. The conditional code is set as a result of all logical comparing, connecting, testing and editing operations. 2. The Institute of Automation and Engineering Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences was set up in the late 1930s. 3. All logical operations other than editing are the part of the standard instruction set. 4. The set of logical operations includes moving, comparing, bit connecting, bit testing, translating and editing. 5. A set of instructions is provided for the logical operation of processing data. 6. Several bits of an instruction are set aside to designate the operation code. 7. The address of a jump instruction must be present before making a block diagram.

c) case – ящик, коробка, корпус, случай

in any case – во всяком случае

this is the case – дело обстоит так

1. These are cases for packing all the units of the computer ES-1045. 2. In this case the bits would be divided into 14 groups of 3 bits each. 3. This is some kind of synchronization of the pulses in a computer, and in most computers this is the case: all pulses are synchronized with respect to each other. 4. In each case the operation is suppressed; therefore the condition code and data in storage and registers remain unchanged. 5. In any case registers store information in the memory. 6. The word, which comes from the arithmetic unit back to the memory, is not erased, but this is not the case with a new word when the previous one in the memory is always erased.

d) yet – (пока) еще; однако, но; хотя

1. In cases where we must write instructions involving addresses of constants that have not yet been specially assigned, we usually use the symbolic coding. 2. Yet the data for processing information appeared to be more important than the data for storing information in this case. 3. The program must be debugged if the errors have not yet been corrected. 4. Yet in practice, programmers desire the computer to take alternative ways of acting.

e) once – однажды, (один) раз; как только

1. A subroutine may be used many times during the computation of a program but is written only once in the whole program. 2. Once the execution of a command has been initiated, the indication of the neon bulb can be seen on the control panel. 3. Once set, the condition code remains unchanged until modified by an instruction that reflects a different condition code.

10. Speak on:

the temporaries; the symbolic coding aids; the library of subroutine; the flow chart

11. Read Text В and translate it with a dictionary. Write a brief summary of it: