Exercises. 4. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations: 1.then 1

4. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:

5. Memorize the following definitions:

1. A program is a set of instructions composed for solving a given problem by a computer. 2. A code is the representation of data or instruction in the symbolic form. 3. A procedure is the sequence of steps required to solve a problem. 4. Programming is the process by which a set of instructions is produced for a computer to make it perform specified activity.

6. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a code? 2. What is a program? 3. What does the term 'programming' include? 4. How many stages are there in programming? 5. Which are the stages in programming? 6. What does programming require? 7. What will happen if there is a single error in one instruction? 8. What does the computer manual give and define? 9. When does a word erase the previous contents of the memory address? 10. When isn’t a word erased from its memory address? 11. What are some bits of the instruction set aside for? 12. What is an instruction format? 13. Why are the octal code often used instead of the binary code?

7. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:

a) a number – число, количество; номер

to number – насчитывать

a number of – ряд, множество

1. This professor's lectures on microprocessors and microprogramming are attended by a great number of students. 2. The students' body of our automation department numbers more than 500 students. 3. The first automatic digital computer could add numbers at the speed of 5000 additions per second. 4. The address of our Institute is the Prosveschenya Street, number 132. 5. A number of computing devices were arranged in our laboratory.

b) mean – средний, среднее число

means – средство

to mean – значить, означать

meaning – значение

by means of – посредством

by no means – ни в коем случае

1. The year mean temperature in our town is about +8°C. 2. Electrical typewriters and keyboard devices are the common means of input into a computer. 3. This means that the ROM is the permanent memory chip for program storage. 4. By means of arranging memory registers inside hardware it is possible to store information and instructions. 5. By no means the computer can substitute a human being in all respects. 6. The meaning of the word “means” is «средство», «состояние».

c) term – термин, срок, семестр

to term – называть

in terms of – с точки зрения, на языке, в терминах

1. The term " programming" means the process by which a set of instructions is produced for a computer to make it performing specified activity. 2. President of the USA is elected for a four-year term. 3. Each academic year at institutes and universities in our country consists of two terms. 4. A code can be written in terms of automatic language in order to make easy changes in it. 5. A code may be termed a program or a routine because they are synonyms. 6. If the language described is called simply " the language", then the language in terms of which the description is being made is called " metalanguage".

d) available – доступный, имеющийся в наличии, пригодный

1. A number of different computing devices available in our Institute's lab is very great. 2. The computer ES-1045 is now available for students' use. 3. Of all the instruments available the control generator is the most suitable for producing electrical impulses.

e) any – любой, всякий (в повествовательных предложениях)

I. Any operation performed by a computer must be interpreted into a machine code. 2. Any sort of likeness to a human being is simply irrational while constructing robots.

f) rather – довольно

rather than – скорее чем, предпочтительнее

1. It would be rather difficult to predict the place where the moon will be at any particular time without computers. 2. The instructions deal directly with addresses rather than with the numbers themselves.

g) instead – вместо, взамен

instead of – вместо, взамен

1. Boolean Algebra is algebra like ordinary one but dealing instead with classes, propositions on-off circuit elements, etc. 2. In digital computers octal notation (восьмеричное счисление) is sometimes used instead of binary numbers.

8. Read Text В and write a brief summary of it:

TEXT B