Студопедия

Главная страница Случайная страница

Разделы сайта

АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника






Exercises. 4. Find the equivalents: 1






 

4. Find the equivalents:

1. input of a computer 1. наличие и отсутствие
2. auxiliary equipment 2. перфорированные отверстия
3. at the rate of 3. устройство вывода
4. a high speed line-printer 4. высокоскоростной линейный принтер
5. for efficient use 5. коэффициент преимущества
6. a storage device 6. со скоростью
7. a factor of advantage 7. для эффективного использования
8. output unit 8. вспомогательное оборудование
9. punched holes 9. устройство ввода
10. presence and absence 10. запоминающее устройство

 

5. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. A computer can record... magnetic tape... the rate... 1, 000, 000 characters... second. 2. As compared... the computer the auxiliary or peripheral equipment is rather slow. 3. A human being can write... hand... the rate... 30 words... minute. 4....... the capacity... the peripheral equipment receiving information the output... a computer varies very much. 5. A factor... advantage... the computer compared... a human being is... 10, 000... 1.

 

 

6. Complete the following sentences:

1. The peripheral equipment is slow as compared with....2. Devices called buffers may be used for efficient use of the computer’s.... 3. A human being is known to type at the rate....4. The ratio between a computer speed and the output speed of a human being gives a factor of... to a computer. 5. The input unit accepts the data... and programs for....

 

7. Memorize the following definitions:

1. Input unit is a section of the computer, which accepts information from outside the computer. 2. Output is a device or devices, which put out information of the computer. 3. Buffers are storage devices accepting information at a very high speed from the computer and releasing information at the proper speed for the peripheral equipment.

 

8. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the general purpose of the input unit? 2. How may the 1's and 0's be expressed for the computer? 3. What is the general purpose of the output unit? 4. What does the peripheral equipment consist of? 5. What is the general purpose of a buffer? 6. What is the ratio between a computer's speed and the top output speed of a human being? 7. How are input and output devices usually called?

 

9. Form adverbs from adjectives by adding the suffix -ly:

easy, reasonable, usual, special, physical, functional, real, regular, magnetical, different, logical, mathematical, subsequent, consequent

 

10. Form nouns from verbs by adding the suffixes -er, -or:

to work, to invent, to compose, to calculate, to operate, to act, to react, to receive, to transmit, to select, to use, to combine

 

11. Arrange (a) synonyms and (b) antonyms in pairs and translate them:

a) speed, peripheral, to control, to write, auxiliary, to do, to receive, rate, to record, to get, to make, to handle, device, unit, instruction, part, to accept, command, section, information, data, to take in

b) to add, presence, hole, input, north, decimal, to multiply, to divide, binary, south, output, blank, absence, to subtract

 

12. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive:

1. The assistant came to instruct students how to handle instructions. 2. The assistant came to be instructed by the professor. 3. The main purpose of the computers is to solve complex problems. 4. To perform reasonable operations a computer must have a way of accepting data. 5. To add and to subtract means to perform mathematical operations. 6. P.L. Chebyshev, a Russian scientist, was the first to construct an arithmometer. 7. The input unit to be described here is a new device. 8. Punched holes in a card or a paper tape are used to represent 1's and 0's. 9. To carry out the instruction, the computer must accept the data in the form of punched holes and blanks. 10. In order to program in a good way the programmer needs detailed data about the program and the way it is to be done.

 

13. State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:

a) 1. To do the program the programmer must have a good under-standing of the problem for the computer. 2. To do the program for a computer is the main duty of a programmer. 3. The programmer must do a program to give accurate instructions to the computer. 4. Electric typewriters are very slow and are used only by operators to communicate with a computer. 5. To make possible communication from a human being and a computer is the main purpose of the input unit.

b) 1. The experiments to be carried out will be very important. 2. M. V. Lomonosov was the first to receive the higher education among peasants in Russia. 3. Information to be computed is stored usually in registers – units of hardware. 4. The machine to operate with the keys is named an ordinary adding machine. 5. A sequence of reasonable operations to be performed will be done by computer " M-220". 6. The programmer to do the program for a computer must have a good knowledge of mathematics.

 

14. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive Construction:

1. The input and output units are known to be the parts of a computer. 2. The human being does not seem to be able to add or to multi-ply without using auxiliary devices such as a pencil and paper. 3. Historically linear programming proved to be especially effective in analyzing industrial processes. 4. This type of the output unit is said to use a punched paper tape. 5. Devices for accepting information are said to have been described in some magazines. 6. Automated Management Systems are known to have appeared quite recently. 7. Our programmers are known to be studying the theory of programming. 8. In ancient times the sun was thought to be revolving round the Earth. 9. Y.A. Gagarin is known to be the first cosmonaut who made an orbital flight around the Earth. 10. The French mathematician Pascal is known to construct the first mechanical computer.

 

15. Translate the following sentences with the emphatic construction It is (was)... that (who, which, when)...

1. It is electrical engineering that deals with all kinds of electrical instruments and devices. 2. It was the invention of the computer that revolutionized the thinking process. 3. It was in 1944 when the first automatic computer appeared and began to operate. 4. It is an input unit that accepts information from outside the computer.5. It was B. Pascal who invented the first mechanical computer. 6. It is the programmer who does the program for a computer. 7. It is in industrial technology and scientific development that electronic devices contributed greatly. 8. It was Norbert Wiener who was considered to be the father of cybernetics.

 

16. Find the equivalent to the following Russian sentence:

Именно П. Л. Чебышев в России в 1882 году изобрел первый арифмометр, выполняющий автоматически умножение и деление.

1. It was in 1882 when P. L. Chebyshev invented the first arithmometer performing automatically multiplication and division. 2. It was in Russia where P. L. Chebyshev invented the first arithmometer performing automatically multiplication and division. 3. It was P. L. Chebyshev who invented in Russia in 1882 the first arithmometer performing automatically multiplication and division. 4. It was the first arithmometer performing automatically multiplication and division that was invented by P. L. Chebyshev in Russia.

17. Read Text В and translate it without a dictionary. Render it in Russian:

TEXT B

TERMS

The special terms of any subject are the keys to understanding it. The special terms of the field of computers are accordingly the keys to understand this field.

Among the many special terms in any field of knowledge there are two kinds: those that are essential that convey the key ideas of the subject to a person interested in understanding it; and those that are helpful but not essential. An example of the first kind of terms in the computer field is " binary notation"; it would be very hard to understand much in the field of computers without knowing the meaning of " binary notation". An example of the second kind is " minimum latency programming"; for many purposes it is not necessary to know exactly what this term means.

 

Notes:

binary notation –двоичное исчисление

it would be very hard to understand much – было бы очень трудно понять многое

minimum latency programming – минимальное скрытое программирование

 






© 2023 :: MyLektsii.ru :: Мои Лекции
Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав.
Копирование текстов разрешено только с указанием индексируемой ссылки на источник.