Contrast the types of formal vocabulary.

Vocabulary - a book containing a list of words and other linguistic units (morphemes, phrases, phraseology), placed in a certain order, usually alphabetical. Dictionaries are encyclopedic and linguistic.

Encyclopedic vocabulary describe the object extra linguistic reality and try to provide the maximum number of attributes of the object.

Linguistic vocabulary describe the linguistic units. Linguistic dictionaries can be divided into two groups: monolingual, describing the lexical meaning of words (incidentally also reflect his writing, stress, part of speech, individual grammatical forms), and the aspect that describe the word in terms of writing (spelling) pronunciation (pronouncing) morphemic composition (morphemic) formative derivative (derivation), grammatical forms (grammar), origin (etymology, foreign words), as well as in terms of their relationships with other words (dictionary of synonyms, antonyms, compatibility, etc.).

8) WRITE ABOUT COMPOUND WORDS AND THEIR MAIN TYPES. Compound words are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. They can function as different parts of speech, which can dictate what form the compound takes on. For example, the word carry over is an open compound word when it’s used as a verb but it is closed when used as a noun and an a adjective.

This surplus will carry over to next season.

The extra supplies were part of the carryover from the budget.

Compound words fall within three categories and it’s not unusual to find the same word in more than one group. Here are the three types of compound words with an explanation and examples of each:

Closed compound words are formed when two unique words are joined together. They don’t have a space between them and they are the type that generally comes to mind when we think of compound words. Forexample:

I love the fireworks on the fourth of July.

Make sure you hold hands when you come to the crosswalk.

The ocean was bathed in moonlight.

Open compound words have a space between the words but when they are read together a new meaning is formed:

Ice cream is my favorite dessert.

The line at the post office snaked all the way out the door and around the corner.

Rhonda is my half sister.

Hyphenated compound words are connected by a hyphen. To avoid confusion, modifying compounds are often hyphenated, especially when they precede a noun such as in the case of part-time teacher, high-speed chase, and fifty-yard dash. When they come after the noun they are open compounds: a chase that is high speed, a teacher that is part time, etc. Comparative and superlative adjectives are hyphenated when they are compounded with other modifiers: the highest-priced computer, the lower-priced car. Adverbs that end in –ly and compounded with another modifier are not modified: a highly rated restaurant, a publicly held meeting.

Here are more examples of hyphenated compound words.

My mother-in-law is coming for a visit.

The merry-go-round at the carnival thrilled Ella.

Some over-the-counter drugs can have serious side effects.