Mezhdunarodnye conventions and agreements on the problems of environmental protection

The environmental problems that humanity faced in the second half of the 20th century, became a subject of concern to the international community. The need to address them in a planetary scale requires joint efforts of the international community, the development of international cooperation for environmental protection.

International conventions and agreements have been known since the 19th century. The first were the Convention on fishing for oysters, concluded in 1839 between France and Britain, the Agreement on the Conservation of seals reached in 1897 between Russia, the US and Japan, a number of conventions and agreements on fisheries. In the early 20th century, Russia had signed several conventions and agreements on the protection of migratory birds and protect plants from pests and diseases.

Particularly rapidly developing international cooperation after World War II. During this period, it was concluded more than 250 international treaties, agreements and conventions of conservation importance. Among them are exceptional role played by the Treaty of Moscow (1963). Banning the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, outer space and under water, which was signed by more than 100 countries. Important is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Endangered, signed in 1973 by more than 80 countries.

In 1962, 17 UN General Assembly adopted a special resolution " Economic development and environmental protection", which emphasized that the protection of nature - the immediate duty of states - members of the United Nations, and that measures to conserve natural resources should be carried out simultaneously with economic development.

In 1972, a conference was held in Stockholm UN environment, which adopted the Declaration on the Protection of the Environment and announced June 5 - International Day for the environment.

Since 1973, the agency launched a " United Nations Environment Program me" (UNEP), which organizes and coordinates research on the environment, in particular the establishment of monitoring stations (monitoring) the state of the biosphere in the world.

In 1982, the UN General Assembly approved the " World Charter for Nature, " it imposes on all States responsible for keeping our planet and its natural resources. The Charter reflects the important provisions on the need to reduce arms to liberate mankind from the danger of war, especially the threat of nuclear disaster. Specialized UN agencies - UNESCO, FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture), the WHO (World Health Organization) and others. Also pay much attention to the protection of nature. So, one of the main lines of work of UNESCO - education and training in the field of nature protection, promotion of good practices and the latest management techniques and integrated use of natural resources, research on various issues of nature conservation. The General Conference of UNESCO and regional meetings have been repeatedly discussed the general and specific issues in this area.