Environmental aspects of human evolution

Figuratively about the relationship of man with nature, said the German

philosopher B. Hollicher: " The human body is built of atoms, the number of which amounts to about 1027. Some of these atoms may have arisen in the depths of the stars (and very likely will again shine in the stars). The human vascular circulating liquid, like the waters primary ocean, which gave rise to life. And tissues and organs, and functions of the brain in its development before and after the birth of the individual repeat the path of his liberation from the animal kingdom, perform " climb" to the person, and then continue their improvement.

Sometimes it jeopardized the continued existence of the human society. In the prehistoric era ecosystem disturbance is due to the destruction of entire species of animals by hunters. For example, during the last glaciation in Eurasia disappeared many large animals inhabiting the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere - mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, steppe bison form, giant deer. Calculation of special formula shows that the number of mammoths for thousands of years from the beginning of the hunting of human activity changed little. But in the Upper Paleolithic, when the number of hunting groups has increased significantly, the number of these animals was rapidly reduced, and they have completely disappeared (Budko, 1977).

Anthropogenic changes greatly affect primarily onlivelihoods of the man himself. The accumulation in the biosphere mutagenic substances change its heredity. Modern generations of people about 50% of disease is caused by a violation of the hereditary apparatus. Described more than 2 thousand. Human diseases associated with the violation of the genes, about 6% of children are born susceptible to hereditary diseases. Under adverse conditions in the general gene pool of humanity is increasing the amount of change compared with the normal gene, or genetic load.

In vivo mutations also occur in different genes change at different rates, but in all organisms likelihood of any gene transformation is YU10 on cell generation. Because of the changed based on their hereditary properties of natural selection forms a further constitution of the species. Most natural mutations are harmful for the body and for the species as a whole, and their carriers are killed at a particular stage of development of the individual, if the function of organ or organ system, these genes regulated, largely broken. Mutated genes is eliminated, ie, derived from the population. If the disruption of the gene does not affect vital functions of the organism, the modified genes may exist in the population accumulate. Useful mutations and appeared in the result of their genes are fixed and distributed in the population due to the fact that their media are all steps of natural selection and leave offspring.

The subject of discussion not only in anthropology, but also in other sciences

is the problem of " man and biosphere". In 1926, V.I.Vernadsky first proposed that Earth's biosphere is a single dynamic, constantly being transformed system.

When looking to the future cause fear and lack of resources possible environmental crisis up to full production of waste pollution. Scientists from different countries are looking for the optimum solution of environmental problems. It was assumed in the future to make all kinds of production, adverse effects on the biosphere, the limits of the planet. The earth will be a place of rest and creative work for most people. Stressing the importance of space exploration in the age of scientific and technological revolution, PL Kapitsa suggested that the imposition of production space, harmful to the Earth's biosphere, not only cannot solve the environmental problem, but also to create it in space. At present, it formed a new branch of scientific knowledge - cosmic ecology.

The problem of " man and biosphere" has become global. New Aspect the interaction of man and nature makes it necessary to predict the development of the world, to carry out a global simulation of production and the world economy. Global modeling - is not only multilateral international agreements on the use of the resources of the biosphere, and the organization of the international system of monitoring the state of the geographical environment, recording it all significant changes due to anthropogenic impacts. Among such measures include drawing up programs in the framework of UNESCO.