Liverpool accent has a great popularity now (because of association with the Beatles)

The advanced RP mostly reflects typical changes in pronunciation. Some of its features may be results of temporary fashion, but some of them are adopt as a norm.

RP is considered to be teaching norm in many countries, including Russia because of:

1) The degree of understandability of RP

2) The extend of RP investigation

3) The number of textbooks and audio-visual aids

4) The fact that RP is compared with the pronunciation of the language and described in text books.

When we speak that RP is regionless we cannot tell from which area of Britain the speaker comes from. All the English-speaking nations have their own standard of pronunciation, which may have educated regional and uneducated local types of pronunciation.

Cockney accent (uneducated English people accent)

It is the speech of working class areas. The brightest example – the film “My fair lady”.

Vowels:

1) [Ã ]®[Qi]

Blood - [blà d]®[blQid]

2) [Q]®[Î ] or [Î i]

Bag – [bQg]®[bÎ g] or [bÎ ig]

3) [i] in the final position sounds as [i: ]

City – [siti] ®[siti: ]

4) [: ] in the final position sounds as [: ə ]

Paw - [p: ] ® [p: ə ]

5) [ei] ® [Qi] or [α i]

Lady - [leidi] ® [lQidi: ] or [lα idi: ]

6) [Î U] ® [QU]

Note - [nÎ Ut] ® [nQUt]

7) [α U] ® [Qə ]

Now - [nα U] ® [nQə ]

Consonants:

1) The contrast between [T] and [f] is lost

Thin – [Tin] ®[fin]

Booth - [bu: T] ®[bu: f]

2) [D] ® [v]

Weather – [weDə ] ® [wevə ]

3) [D] in the beginning is dropped (исчезает) or turns into [d]

This – [Dis] ® [is] or [dis]

4) [N]® [n] or [ink] in the word final position

Dancing - [dα: nsiN]® [dα: nsin]

Something – [sà mTiN] ® [sà mfink]

Nothing - [nà TiN] ® [nà fink]

5) [p, t, k] are heavily aspirated

Actually they may be distinguished the cultivated region types. So in the British Isles there are 3 main types:

1) Southern English Pronunciation (RP)

2) Northern English Pronunciation (between Birghminham and border of Scotland)

3) The standard Scottish pronunciation

So the influence of Scotch accent is very noticeable. By the way, northern type of English Pronunciation represents the earlier type.

Newcastle accent differs in the following:

1) [Ã ]®[U]

Love - [là v]®[lUv]

Cup - [kà p]®[kUp]

Much

2) [i]®[i: ]

City - [siti]®[siti: ]

3) [α: ] ® [Q]

Dance - [dα: ns] ® [dQns]

Chance

Answer

Aunt

4) [ei] ® [e: ]

Plate - [pleit] ® [ple: t]

May - [mei] ® [me: ]

Take - [teik] ® [te: k]

5) Words that have “al” in spelling ® [α: ]

Talk - [tα: k]

Call - [kα: l]

All - [α: l]

6) [Î: ]®[: ]

First - [fÎ: st]®[f: st] first – forced become homonyms

Shirt - [SÎ: t]®[ S: t] shirt – short (омонимы)

7) [α U] ® [U]

About - [ebα Ut] ® [ebUt]

8) [Q] ® [α ]

Back - [bQk] ® [bα k]

Bad - [bQd] ® [bα d]

Man - [mQn] ® [mα n]

Consonants:

1) “ing” ® [in]

Shilling – [SiliN] ® [Silin]

Dancing - [dα: nsiN] ® [dQnsin]

2) [p, t, k] between vowels are accompanied by glottal stops

Pity – [piti] ® [pit/i: ]

Standard Scottish pronunciation

Some linguists say it’s just a dialect, but some say it is a national variant. Educated people speak a form of Scottish English although with an obvious Scottish accent. Non-standard dialects of Scotland are radically different from other varieties.

The most important differences concerning vowels:

· Monophtonges followed by “r” sound are pronounced instead of diphthongs.

Here – [hir]

Beer – [bir]

Beard – [bird]

Poor – [pu: r]

· [Q] instead of [α ]

Glass – [glQs]

Ask – [Qsk]

After – [Qftə ]

· [α ] instead of [Q]

Bad – [bα d]

Man – [mα n]

· [ ] and [Î U] sometimes are not distinguished

Not – [nQt] become homonyms

Note - [nQt] (омонимы)

· Length is not a distinguish feature

Pool – [pu: l]

Pull – [pul]

Cot – [c t]

Caught – [c: t]

All of them are pronounced identically

Consonants:

· Cluster (сцепление звуков) is used with initial diagraph (диграф)

“wh” ® [hw]

Which

[w] & [hw] = [M] (так обозначается)