Лекция 1. subject matter – тема обсуждения

outline - план

subject matter – тема обсуждения

branch – раздел

utterance – высказывание

peculiarity – особенность

separate - отдельный

meaning – значение

phenomenon – явление

sequence –последовательность

to convey – передавать

to consider – рассматривать

to take into consideration – принимать во внимание

to be connected with – рассматривать

to be concerned with – рассматривать

to deal with – иметь дело с

to state – заявлять

to characterize – характеризовать

to differentiate – дифференцировать, проводить различия

to distinguish – различать

to define – давать определение, определять

to determine – определять, устанавливать

to view – рассматривать

to concern – заниматься ч-л, касаться ч-л

to dwell upon – подробно останавливаться

to investigate – исследовать

to observe – наблюдать, замечать

to analyse – анализировать

to apply – применять, употреблять

voiced consonant – звонкий согласный

voiceless consonant – глухой согласный

syllable - слог

Phonetics as a Branch of Linguistics

Four Branches of Phonetics

“Phonetics” is of Greek origin. It’s a subject matter dealing with voice and sounds (roughly speaking).

Phonetics came into existence long ago. It’s a part of Linguistics standing side by side with Lexicology and Grammar. Phonetics is a basis of all the other disciplines. Why is it of great importance? Because, first of all, we must pronounce the words to convey any message. It’s concerned with human noises by which the thought is actualized. Phonetics studies the sound system of the language. The Phonetic structure of the language consists of the components:

§ The sound sequence

§ Word stress

§ Syllable structure

§ Intonation

Phonetics is the most fundamental branch of Linguistics. Neither Linguistic theory nor Linguistic practice can do without Phonetics. That’s why Phonetics is an independent branch of Linguistics like Lexicology, Grammar or Stylistics. And thus it claims to be of equal importance with them.

As is known Phonetics is connected with non-linguistic sciences as well – physiology, psychology, logic.

The connection with Grammar, Lexicology and Stylistics is exercised (проявляется) through orthography (орфография), which in its' turn is very closely connected with Phonetics.

Phonetics formulates the rules of pronunciation of separate sounds and sound groups, for example:

daughter - [d: tə ]

“au” - [: ]

“ght” - [t]

“er” - [ə ]

So through the system of reading rules Phonetics is connected with Grammar and helps to pronounce correctly

• Singular and plural forms of nouns: