Контрольная работа № 2

2.1. Общие указания к выполнению контрольной работы № 2

Требования к оформлению контрольной работы № 2 остаются такими же, как и при оформлении контрольной работы № 1. Данная работа включает 3 задания на грамматический материал, перевод текста, одно упражнение к тексту.

Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу № 2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам и методическим пособиям:

1. Видовременные формы глагола:
а) активный залог формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future), формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future), формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future)
б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты can, may, must, to be able to, have to, to be to, should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

2.2. Образец выполнения контрольной работы № 2

Задание 1.

When are you planning to finish the Когда вы планируете закончить

repair works. ремонтные работы.

planning = Present Continuous Active to plan – планировать

Задание 2.

If painted the main engine will look better. Если покрасить главный двигатель,

он будет выглядеть лучше.

If painted – Participle II – обстоятельство

when heated - Participle II - обстоятельство

Задание 3.

You will have to do it. Вам придется сделать это.

2.3. Контрольные задания

Вариант № 1

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) 1. The anode is attracting negatively charged ions.

2. The electrician has brought a repair list and some drawings to the dock master.

b) 1. The circuit elements are affected by many factors.

2. The shaft was connected to the motor by means of rigid coupling (муфта).

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2 и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) While sailing in the Atlantic Ocean, the ship ran into a terrible storm.

2) 50 m³ of foam compound is also provided.

3) The state law applies to all tankers including those with double bottoms.

4) The pilot leading our ship through the channel is very experienced.

Задание 3

Перепишите предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Current may pass through solid conductors, liquids, gases or any combination of these.

2) The magnitude of current can be measured.

3) Our company electricians should always take an active part in prevention of any electricity problems.

4) Then they will have to buy switches, batteries, bulbs, tubes, LEDs.

5) Heat losses were to be reduced constantly and effectively.

Задание 4

Перепишите и письменно переведите первые 3 абзаца текста.

The Induced E.M.F.

A current flowing in a wire sets up a series of magnetic lines of force that surrounds the wire. When the current starts to flow, these lines of force jump out from the wire, cutting across the wire as they go out. A momentary e.m.f. is set up which is in opposition to the applied e.m.f. When the current flow is decreased, the magnetic lines of force again cut the wire. While the force lines are cutting the wire in the opposite direction, the induced e.m.f. is in the same direction as the applied e.m.f. If the current increa­ses, the induced e.m.f. is directed opposite to it. If the cur­rent falls, it acts in the same direction as the current.

This e.m.f. will still be induced if the conductor is stationary and the magnetic field is moved so that the lines of force still out the conductor. It doesn't make any difference whether the magnetic field is stationary and the conductor moves or whether the conductor is stationary and the field moves. An e.m.f. is not induced in case a conductor moves parallel the force lines but only when it moves at an angle to these lines and outs them.

However, any motion across the direction of the Faroe lines produces an e.m.f. in the conductor. If this e.m.f acts in a closed circuit, current flows, if the circuit is open, the e.m.f. is still induced, but no current can flow since there is no closed circuit.

The induced e.m.f. depends upon the rate of flux change. The faster the change of current, the greater the e.m.f. that will he induced. The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. depends also upon the size and the shape of the wire and the strength of the magnetic field.

The induced e.m.f. and the current do not move along toge­ther, that is, in phase. When the current lags behind the in­duced e.m.f., this is called phase lag.

Задание 5

Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What is set up around a current carrying wire?

2. When do the force lines Jump out from the wire?

3. What does the induced e.m.f. depend upon?

Вариант № 2

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1. We have improved one of the high-speed diesel engines.

2. Electromechanics is still solving a great number of problems.

b) 1. These wires are acted upon great overloads.

2. This scientist's discovery was followed by an intensive research work of others.

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2 и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Being on board the training vessel, we practiced hard in seamanship.

2) The two new ships proposed will have the same dimensions.

3) The systems are intended for tankers and barges working between the West Coast and Alaska.

4) After leaving the condenser the liquid refrigerant (хладагент) passes back to the regulator.

Задание 3

Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) We had to substitute the bulb with the new one.

2) This cable is to be used for testing of the transmission line.

3) Scientists agree that such magnets can revolutionize almost every aspect of man’s use of electricity including the generation, distribution and use of electric power.

4) One electric device may be larger than another one, but it may be less suitable.

5) These installations should be interconnected completing a single network.

Задание 4

Перепишите и письменно переведите первые 2 абзаца текста.

Electrical Measurements

Electrical measurements are known to be used to measure both electrical quantities and non-electrical quantities by electrical methods. We know electrical measurements to be made by means of electric instruments. The measuring instruments are divided into indicating instruments and comparison ones. The accuracy and sensitivity of the latter are considered to be greater, but the actual comparison takes more time. The measuring with indicating instruments is stated to be faster and cheaper and so most measurements are performed by indicating instruments.

The electric measuring Instruments are calibrated in units of the quantity which they measure. The principles of opera­tion of these instruments to measure various quantities vary widely, as do their forms of construction.

We say the measuring Instruments to be grouped into three main divisions. In the first category are rectifier instruments. The second category is known to include instruments whose indi­cation depends on the square of the operating current.

The third category includes those instruments which are suitable for a.c. only. This class is considered to include the instrument operating on the induction principle, which are most commonly used as energy meters.

We find the use of electric measuring instruments to per­mit a whole series of important problems in modern technology to be solved by relatively simple means.

The USSR is known to produce all types of measuring instruments of the most modern construction.

Задание 5

Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What are electrical measurements used for?

2. What are electrical measurements made by?

3. What types are the measuring instruments divided into?

4. Which instruments (comparison or indicating) are used more often?

5. Are the principles of operation of all measuring instru­ments the same or different?

6. What instruments are there in the first category?

7. Why is the use of measuring instruments of great importance?

Вариант № 3

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1. The engineers have chosen the step-down transformer for this purpose.

2) While the machinery is operating air gradually collects in the condenser.

b) 1. The testing of these indoor lines was followed by its wide employment.

2. Fire pumps are driven from the main engines.

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Approaching the port of London, we saw many various ships in the mouth of the Thames.

2) The methods used were found fruitful.

3) The vessel was towed into Cape Town.

4) When completed they will replace two of the existing tractor tugs at Tees.

Задание 3

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.

2) The elements of the circuits should be isolated by certain kind of fibres.

3) Power consumption can also be defined as a measure of comparison.

4) The electric field may be thought of as consisting of a number of lines of force.

5) You are to know the main principles of energy production.

Задание 4

Перепишите и письменно переведите первые 2 абзаца текста.

The Principles of Meter Operation

It is important to have instruments by means of which we measure directly the quantity of certain factors such as: current, voltage, resistance.

Ammeters, voltmeters, ohmmeters are found to constitute the largest group of measuring Instruments These instruments are known to be called meters and they operate by measuring the various effects produced by the electric current.

They operate on the principle that a coil may be so pla­ced in a magnetic field that it will tend to turn when a cur­rent flows in it. This turning action is known to be the prin­ciple of the electric motor. A meter is known to be a small electric motor. For everyday measurements indicating instruments are considered to be most convenient. They are known to have three essential parts: an operating mechanism, a controlling mechanism and a damping mechanism.

Types in common use for different purposes are: moving iron, moving coil, thermal, electrostatic and induction.

The moving coil instrument is found to be the most useful instrument. The principle on which it operates is that the force on a conductor in a magnetic field depends upоn the current in the conductor. The magnetic field is provided by a small permanent magnet. A current-carrying coil has a magnetic field around it. If such a coil free to move is placed in another magnetic field, it will move due to the interaction between the two fields. When a current passes through the coil, an electromagnet is produced. The poles of the electromagnet are attracted by the poles of the permanent magnet and this moves the coil and the pointer.

Задание 5

Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What instruments constitute the largest group of the meters?

2. What principle do they operate on?

3. What is the main principle of a meter?

4. What are the main parts of an indicating instrument?

5. Which instrument is the most useful?

6. What is the principle of operation of a moving-coil instru­ment?

7. What does the permanent magnet provide?

Вариант № 4

Задание 1

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1. The engineers have developed new type of DC generators.

2. The problem of the structure of matter is constantly occupying the minds of many scientists.

b) 1. The same kind of protection will be provided for auxiliary engines too.

2. The introduction of new fuses was followed by improving of operation of transmission power lines.

Задание 2

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) When sailing in thick fog, ships are obliged to give sound signals at regular intervals.

2) The main material used is castiron.

3) Fire pumps are driven from the main engines, giving a total Capacity of 6500 m3.

4) Approaching the vessel, we saw the flag of an English merchant ship on it.

Задание 3

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) The motor is to be connected to the pump by means of a bracket.

2) You should take into consideration safety precaution.

3) Every boiler must convert the chemical energy contained in the fuel in steam.

4) If the device is faulty you can not rely on its readings.

5) The heat from the nuclear chain reactor may be removed by the coolant.

Задание 4

Перепишите и письменно переведите первые 2 абзаца текста.