Assessment of a nutritional status, description of health risks, hygienic recommendations for the correcting actual nutrition

The motivational statement of the theme

The health condition of a population is associated with its feeding habits, and is assessed by the nutritional status and structure of nutrition-related diseases. Nutritional status refers to a set of indicators that reflect how the actual intake meets the real needs of the body. Inadequate energy intake and imbalanced diet alters body weight, functional status of the body, its reactivity and adaptability and therefore can be a detrimental factor in many pathological conditions. The assessment of nutritional status allows the physician to substantiate their practical steps aimed to correct the patient's diet.

The objective: learning how to assess the nutritional status and the actual diet of an individual (for example, a medical student), formulating hygienic recommendations for diet correction.

Students’ independent classroom activities

1. Definition of the indicators of nutritional status.

1.1. According to the structural parameters:

- Body weight, % of ideal body weight;

-Weight to height ratio (kg / m ²);

- Triceps skin-fold thickness (mm);

1.2. According to the symptoms of vitamin deficiency:

- Skin dryness and flaking (vitamin A);

- Follicular hyperkeratosis / keratinization of hair follicles, rough skin, " goose bumps" on the flexor surfaces of the legs, hips, buttocks / (vitamin A, C);

- Angular stomatitis / papules, maceration and epithelial desquamation, small cracks in both corners of the mouth / (vitamin B2, B6, PP);

- Cheilosis / epithalaxia in the closing of the lips, mucous inner surface of the lips is shiny, bright red, with transverse cracks on the lips / (vitamin B2, B6, PP);

- Friability, bleeding gums (vitamin C, PP);

- Spontaneous petechiae / Punctulate hemorrhages in the skin / (vitamin C, P);

- Hypertrophy of lingual papillas (vitamin B1, B2, B6, PP);

- Dryness of the conjunctiva (vitamin A, B2);

- Increased sebaceous excretions, seborrhea / increased secretion of the sebaceous glands, glossy skin, small, easy to scrape off the scales mainly in the nasolabial, postaural folds, nose alae / (vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP).

1.3. According to the function:

- Time of dark adaptation (a function of the visual analyzer, vitamin A).

2. Filling in a table " Diagnostic Profile of nutritional status" and formulation of a conclusion about “types of nutritional status”.

3. A comprehensive assessment of the diet of a medical student (based on the calculations carried out in class when themes 2.4. and 2.5. were studied), filling in the table.

4. Making a well-grounded conclusion on the state of nutrition and developing, if necessary, hygienic recommendations to approximate the actual dietary needs to the physiological needs of the student, to normalize their eating habits.

5. Solving case, profession-oriented problems, writing down the solutions in the protocol.

6. Presentation and discussion of topics individually assigned by the teacher

Self-study tasks:

1.Nutritional status: definition and classification.

2. The indicators used to assess nutritional status

Plan of students’ independent activities

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Table 1