Model: white – black; first – last.

right -...; good -...; clean -...; early -...; in front -...;

to close -...; light -...; small -...; short -...; rich -...;

expensive -...; old -...; heavy -...; fast -....

WHAT IS A MANAGER?

A number of different terms are often used instead of the term " manager", including " director", " administrator" and " president". The term " manager" is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies. So, whom do we call a " manager"? In its broad meaning the term " managers" applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying decisions within a certain system. A personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization. Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance. Sales manager is responsible for selling of goods. A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market. Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decisionmaking there is always some uncertainty and risk.

Management is a variety of specific activities. Management is a function of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system, at any managerial level, is characterized in terms of these general functions. Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager's direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and preference for active tasks. The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs. The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative, that is make decisions without asking their manager.
Методические рекомендации

по выполнению контрольной работы

Контрольная работа должна выполняться студентами самостоятельно. Для качественного выполнения контрольной работы необходимо внимательно ознакомиться с содержанием каждого задания, изучить грамматический материал настоящих методических рекомендаций (при необходимости – и других источников) и только после этого приступать к оформлению выполняемого задания.

Контрольная работа должна быть написана от руки и оформлена в соответствии с требованиями к рефератам и контрольным работам и представлена в сроки, определенные для выполнения контрольных и других работ, предусмотренных учебным планом университета. Данное задание и методические рекомендации должны быть возвращены в учебную часть университета вместе с выполненной контрольной работой.