Words and Expressions

to originate возникать, брать начало

to develop развиваться

scholar ['skɔ lə ] = scientist

law [lɔ: ] право, юриспруденция

to appear появляться

to conduct вести, руководить, направлять

to settle селиться, обосноваться

to lodge временно проживать, снимать комнату

inn гостиница, постоялый двор

townsfolk горожане

to rent брать в аренду, внаем

to hunt охотиться

Try to arrange the Universities in chronological order.

Oxford, the University of Paris, the University of Bologna (Italy), Cambridge, Al-Azhar (Cairo)

Read the text and test yourself, write out the dates of foundation.

4. Read the text and find English equivalents of the next Russian word-combinations:

все еще действующий, монастырские школы, юридическая школа, унифицированное обучение, для удобства, всех возрастов, проживая в гостиницах, арендуя жилье

5. Complete the following sentences:

1. University education originated in....

2. Lectures and lessons were conducted in....

3. The word " college" was at first associated with....

4. The first college originated in....

5. Oxford and Cambridge have much in... and they are called collectively as...

Text 3

Oxford

Part I

Oxford was founded in the 12^th century as an aristocratic University and retains its aristocratic character to the present day: the cost of studies is comparatively high. Students have to pay for using libraries and laboratories, as well as for taking examinations.

Oxford’s organization is very complicated. In fact, the University is a collection of 35 Colleges: two for women only, the rest taking both men and women. Each college is a world of its own which gives its students a specialized training in arts, law, medicine and science. The largest college has over 500 students; the smallest college has over 100 students.

The University is an administrative centre which arranges lectures for all students of the colleges, holds examinations and gives degrees.

The tutorial system of education used both in Oxford and Cambridge is one of the ways in which Oxbridge differs from other English Universities. Every student has a tutor in charge of planning his work and discussing its results with the student; the student’s duty is to regularly see his tutor and submit papers and essays. The tutorial system of education brings the student into personal contact with his tutor, the latter trying to influence the social and political life of the student.

The academic year in England has three terms; each term lasts from eight to ten weeks. Terminal examinations take place at the end of autumn, spring and summer terms. Final examinations take place at the end of the course of studies. If a student fails in an examination, he may be allowed to take the exam again, only two re-examinations being usually allowed.

1. Remember the words and word-combinations:

Oxford [ɒ ksfə d]

Oxbridge ['ɒ ksbriʤ ]

to retain one’s aristocratic character - сохранять аристократический характер

cost of studies - стоимость обучения

arts - гуманитарные науки

to arrange lectures - организовывать лекции

tutor [´ tju: tə ] - преподаватель, наставник

to be in charge [´ t∫ a: ʤ ] of smth - отвечать за ч-л

to influence - оказывать влияние

terminal examination - семестровый экзамен

final examination - выпускной экзамен

2. Complete the following sentences:

1. Oxford was founded in …

a) the 12^th century b) the 13^th centure c) long ago

2. The University is a collection of … Colleges.

a) 30 b) 35 c) 50

3. Every student has a tutor in charge …

a) of planning and discussing b) of teaching c) of taking exams

4. The tutorial system of education …

a) gives more academic freedoms

b) brings the student into personal contact

c) is a new system

5. The academic year is divided into …

a) two terms b) three terms c) four terms

6. Terminal examinations take place at the end of …

a) terms b) study c) academic year

7. If a student fails in an examination, he may …

a) take the exam again

b) pay more for study

c) apply to Cambridge

8. Oxford retains … to the present day.

a) resources across the University

b) aristocratic character

c) high payment

Text 4