Read the clues. Then find the words and circle them. The answers are written across or down. The first two answers are given.

1. Students have to pass some exam s and ______s.

2. Students take examinations at the end of a term.

3. There are three departments at the universities: evening, extra-mural and ______ departments.

4. ______ in Russia is ______ up to the 9^th form.

5. Every _____ of our country has the right to education

6. Students study academic subjects and receive a_______.

7. All _______s must take competitive exams if they want to enter a higher educational establishment.

6. Answer the questions:

1. How can young people continue their education after finishing 9 forms of a secondary school?

2. What types of higher schools are there in Russia?

3. How many departments are there at the universities and institutes of Russia?

4. How many years does the complete course of studies usually take?

5. What are the main objectives of the reform?

6. Have all students got scholarships?

7. When do students have to take examinations?

8. What must students do to pass examinations successfully?

7. Say which facts given in the text were new to you?

Make up a story about the system of Higher education in Russia.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

Text 1

Higher education in Great Britain is provided by a great number of universities and polytechnics. There are about 50 universities in the country. They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new universities. The new universities are divided into various faculties, e.g. the faculty of science, faculty of social and economic studies. In each faculty there may be a number of departments dealing with separate subjects. Some years ago there were also polytechnics (now universities). After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 30 former polytechnics were given university status in 1992. There are not only universities in Britain but also 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers or professions connected with medicine). There is a competition to get into the best universities. They accept students mainly on the basis of their " A" level results.

The rules of teaching process differ from university to university. The teaching is based on the tutorial system as well as lectures. Each student has a tutor. He decides what lectures the students must attend, recommends books for reading, discusses and criticizes their written works. All lectures and examinations for all students are organized by the University authorities.

The academic year in Britain is divided into three terms, which usually run from October to December, from January to March and from April to June. Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). Medicine and dentistry courses are 5-7 years. After these years of studies and successful final examinations the students get their first degree B.A. -Bachelor of Arts or B.Sc. - Bachelor of Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts and sciences.

At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their Local Education Authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses (accommodation, transport and food). This grant depends on the income of parents. Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced. That is why most students are to work. But students don't usually have a job during term time because lectures and tutorials (small groups) are full time. However, many students now have to work in the evenings or during their vacation.

Most students live away from home, in flats or halls of residence.

1. Remember the words and word-combinations:

to be provided by - обеспечиваться

to be divided into — делиться

to deal with — иметь дело, касаться

status ['steitə s] - статус

a former polytechnic — бывший политехнический институт

to accept = to admit

on the basis of " A" level results - на основе результатов экзаменов продвинутого уровня

a tutorial system - система наставничества

an undergraduate course - курс для студентов

to take... years - занимать... лет

full-time study - дневное обучение

a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science - степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук

a postgraduate degree - ученая степень (присуждается после обучения в аспирантуре или докторантуре)

Master of Philosophy - магистр гуманитарных наук

to be awarded for smth - присуждается за что-либо

to receive a grant - получать стипендию

Local Education Authority - местный комитет по образованию

to cover the cost of smth - покрывать расходы на что-либо

living expenses - стоимость проживание

to make a contribution — зд.: возместить часть расходов

to introduce a system of loans - ввести систему займов.

2. Pay attention to the reading of the following words:

polytechnic [pɔ li'teknik]; separate ['seprit]; status ['steitə s]; medicine ['medsin]; authority [ɔ: θ ɔ riti]; successful [sə k'sesful]; final [fainə l]; bachelor ['bæ ʧ ə lə ]; philosophy [fi'losə fi]; residence ['rezidə ns]

3. Translate into English:

1. В университеты принимают студентов в соответствии с результатами сдачи ими экзаменов продвинутого уровня.

2. Вузы Великобритании подразделяются на следующие типы: университеты (в том числе бывшие политехнические институты), колледжи и институты.

3. Обучение студентов обычно приводит к получению степени бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.

4. Степень магистра присуждается за исследования в области гуманитарных или естественных наук.

5. Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, которые обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда - стоимость проживания.

6. Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвращать стипендию.

4. Answer the questions:

1. What is necessary to go on to higher education?

2. What types of higher educational establishments are there in the UK?

3. What is the procedure of awarding degrees?

4. What are the conditions of receiving grants?

5. Can you compare the system of higher education in the UK with the Russian one? (taking into account the academic year, types of higher educational establishments, getting degrees, receiving a grant, ect.)