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Theory of Demand
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Consumer demand is the quantities of a particular good that an individual consumer wants and is able to buy as the price varies, it all other factors influencing demand are constant.
That is, consumer demand is the relationship between the quantity demanded for the good and its price. The factors assumed constant are prices of other goods, income, and a number of no economic factors, such as social, physiological, demographic characteristics of the consumer in question (о котором идет речь).
The theory of demand is based on the assumption that the consumer having budget constant seeks to reach the maximum possible level of utility, that is, to maximize utility, but he usually prefers to obtain more rather than less. The consumer has to solve the problem choice. Provided he is to maintain a given level of utility, increase in the quantity of one good must be followed by regulations in the quantity of the other good. The consumer has to choose the specific goods within the limits imposed by his budget.
Market demand is the quantities of good that all consumers in a practical market want and are able to buy as price varies and as all other factors are assumed constant. Market demand depends not only on the factors affecting individual demands, but also on the number of consumers in the market. The law of demand also works with market demand.
VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
What is the consumer demand?
What factors influencing consumer demand are assumed constant?
What is the principal assumption of the demand theory?
Which choice does the consumer have to make?
What is market demand?
In what way does market demand differ from individual demand?
VIII. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей.
| 1. Increase in the utility of one good can compensate | a. the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. |
| 2. Equilibrium price is the price at which | b. to restrict import expenditure. |
| 3. the marginal utility of a good is the increase in | c. that is, industry based on agricultural products. |
| 4. There are different ways | d. an absolute fall of demand for inferior goods. |
| 5. Over 60% of the capital of all US firms is in agro-industry | e. is still higher than in Japan. |
| 6. Higher expenditure on foreign goods rather than on the goods produced at home | f. the utility obtained by consuming one more unit of that good. |
| 7. Rising incomes result in | g. the reduction of utility of another good. |
| 8. Per capita (на душу населения) income in the United States | h. will increase demand for foreign goods. |
IX. Выпишите все коммерческие и экономические термины, которые встречались в тексте и переведите их на русский язык.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2 (Вариант 2)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:
1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
2. Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).
3. Основные формы глагола (правильные, неправильные).
4. Употребление much/many, few/little.
I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.
1. I’m sorry, I ______ join you on Wednesday.
cannot
cannot to
don’t can to
don’t can
2. He ______ pass the exam.
didn’t can
could not
could not to
3. I ______ to go hiking with you.
shall be able
shall can
4. This man ______ more than he says.
mays know
may know
may knows
5. ______ I say a few words?
may
might
6. He forgot that the police ______ discover the truth.
may
might
would may
7. Tom has broken his leg. He _______ walk a lot. It is not good for him.
need not
cannot
may not
8. You _______ lend me your umbrella. I love walking in the rain.
may
must
need
9. He ______ see me in this situation.
doesn’t must
must not
10. The company ________ postpone the loading, because of some problems with transport.
must
has to
can
II. Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).
1. I am tired. I (to go) to bed now. Good night!
2. Please don’t make so much noise. I (to work).
3. A funny thing (to happen) to me when I sat in a traffic jam.
4. This time last year I (to live) in India.
5. In a few year’s time more people (to use) plastic money.
6. The agreement (to expire) at 30th of December.
III. Образуйте форму прошедшего времени в следующих глаголах.
To decide, to notice, to get, to read, to run, to sign, to agree, to buy, to bring, to see, to finish, to drink, to show.
IV. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.
He is attending the lecture of economics now.
Planets are going round the sun.
We were working on a new project all the day yesterday.
Sam Brown was working with clients, when the boss came to the office.
We shall be still working here in ten year’s time.
At ten o’clock tomorrow he will be working at his report.
V. Заполните пропуски словами much/many, few/little.
1. _____ of her advice was useful.
2. She wrote us _____letters from London.
3. Would you like _____ salad? – Yes, thank you. My doctor says it’s good for my health.
4. Our secretary knows German _____ and she can help you with the translation of this letter.
5. The hall was almost empty: there was very _____ people in it.
VI. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно.
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