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The Shetland Isles 0 meridian at Greenwich

Unit 3 Physical Features. Relief

Ben Nevis Snowdonia

· Are there high mountains on the British Isles?

· Where is the highest peak in Great Britain?

· What is “the backbone” of England?

· Where is the famous Lake District located?

· What is the name of the celebrate national park in Wales?

· Why is Ireland called “the Emerald Isle”?

The charm of Britain lies in the variety of scenery. The variety of relief in Britain is a reflection of the complex geological history of the islands. Geologically, Britain is a museum model.

There are no high mountains in the British Isles.

There is a fundamental contrast between the generally high relief of western and northern Britain and the lowland areas of the south and east. The oldest rocks appear in the highland regions and the youngest in the lowland regions.

In England the most important range of mountains is the Pennine Range, known as “the backbone of England”. The whole range forms a large table-land, the highest point of which is Cross Fell (983m).

Across the north end of the Pennine Range there are the grassy Cheviot Hills. The highest point is Cheviot (816m) which is near the Scottish border. The Cheviot Hills serve as a natural borderland between England and Scotland.

In north-west England there are the Cumbrian mountains. These mountains form rings round the peaks. The valleys which separate the various mountains from each other contain some blue lakes. This is the celebrate Lake District, where the famous poets Wordsworth, Coleridge lived and worked.

Wales consists of a complex of mountain ranges, representing high plateaus with old hard rocks. They are called the Cambrian Mountains. They include Wale’s highest point, Mount Snowdon (1.085m). The pride of Wales is a national park Snowdonia which is in the picturesque region of the high mountains in the north of Wales.

Scotland has three distinct regions : the Northern Highlands, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

The Lake District Heather moors in the Highlands

The Scottish Highlands are separated into two parts by the Great Glen. To the south there are the Grampians, which are generally higher than the north-west Highlands and contain the highest peak in the British Isles Ben Nevis (1.347m).

The Pennine Range

[´ penaɪ n ´ reɪ ndʒ ]

Пеннінські гори

The Cheviot Hills

[´ tʃ evi ə t ´ hɪ lz]

Гори Чевіот

The Cumbrian mountains

[´ kʌ mbrɪ ə n]

Камберлендські гори

The Lake District

Озерний край

The Cambrian mountains

[´ kæ mbrɪ ə n]

Кембрійські гори

The Grampians

[´ græ mpɪ ə nz]

Грампіанські гори

The Highlands

[´ haɪ lə ndz]

Нагір’я

Great Glen

[´ greɪ t ´ glen]

Глен-Мор (западина;

тектонічний розлом)

In Ireland much of the land is low but there are green hills and low mountains. If one asks an Irishman away from home what he misses most about Ireland, he will probably tell you “the greenness”. Irish poets call Ireland “the Emerald Isle”. The winds usually blow in from the Atlantic Ocean and make the air and soil warm and damp. Grass grows well in such a climate and it makes the island look so beautiful.

Northern Ireland Giant’s Causeway Emerald island