Operation

Computer software has to be " loaded" into the computer's storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software is loaded, the computer is able to execute the software. Computers operate by executing the computer program. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation - moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering the control flow of instructions.

Data movement is typically from one place in memory to another. Sometimes it involves moving data between memory and registers which enable high-speed data access in the CPU. Moving data, especially large amounts of it, can be costly. So, this is sometimes avoided by using " pointers" to data instead. Computations include simple operations such as incrementing the value of a variable data element. More complex computations may involve many operations and data elements together.

Instructions may be performed sequentially, conditionally, or iteratively. Sequential instructions are those operations that are performed one after another. Conditional instructions are performed such that different sets of instructions execute depending on the value(s) of some data. In some languages this is known as an " if" statement. Iterative instructions are performed repetitively and may depend on some data value. This is sometimes called a " loop." Often, one instruction may " call" another set of instructions that are defined in some other program or module. When more than one computer processor is used, instructions may be executed simultaneously.

Currently, almost the only limitations on the use of computer software in applications is the ingenuity of the designer/programmer. Consequently, large areas of activities (such as playing grand master level chess) formerly assumed to be incapable of software simulation are now routinely programmed. The only area that has so far proved reasonably secure from software simulation is human art— especially, pleasing music and literature.

Give the English for

Последовательно, изобретательность программиста, неспособный к компьютерному моделированию, производить (выполнять) одновременно, перемещение информации, загружать программное обеспечение, промышленная автоматизация, база данных, в определенной последовательности, последовательность инструкций, ограничение, процессор, компоненты системы, системное программное обеспечение, устройство.