Vocabulary exercises. I. Choose the correct alternative in each of the following sentences.

I. Choose the correct alternative in each of the following sentences.

1. Virtually any medium can be used for advertising / crowd manipulation.

2. More and more people live in a customer / consumer society.

3. Television programmes are regularly interrupted by commercials / announcements.

4. The spokesperson / legislator travels to target cities and spreads the word about a product or service.

Unit IV Advertising __________________________________________________________

5. The streets of our cities are full of advertisements / propaganda.

6. In some fashion magazines there is more publicity / advertising than there are articles.

7. The launch / take off of an advertising campaign / attack for a new premiere in the famous theaterwas accompanied by massive fame/publicity.

8. Products with well-known logos / brands are always very popular.

II. Some of the following sentences have mistakes in the use of the verb forms. Correct those you think are wrong, using present simple, past simple or present perfect forms. Use the italicized time expressions to help you.

Example: All my life, I loved going to the cinema. - Wrong.

All my life, I have loved going to the cinema.

1. This public relations specialist already established and maintained relationships with an organization's target audience.

2. During the 1990s specialities for communicating to certain audiences emerged, such as investor relations or technology PR.

3. One of the most famous campaigns of Bernays has been the women's cigarette smoking campaign in 1920s.

4. All my life, I work with various media for the purpose of informing the public of an organization's policies.

5. The first modern colour prints began to be produced around the year 1850.

6. This is the most effective political poster he ever designed to protest against the atomic bomb.

7. In recent times, the Internet becomes the latest and most popular mass medium.

8. Commercial advertisers have usually sought to generate increased consumption of their products or services through " branding".

III. Ask all types of questions to the following sentence:

This group of persons will be engaged in trying to influence legislators or other public officials in favor of a specific cause.

IV. Find in the text and copy out sentences in which linking expressions despite, in contrast, such as and for example are used. What idea do they introduce? Translate the sentences with them.

V. Read the sentences below. Choose the correct form.

1. Print media use a physical object such as / for example a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics, to distribute their information.

2. In contrast/ despite, the organization hired public relations experts who created its positive image in the minds of target audiences through arguments and reasoning.

Unit IV Advertising __________________________________________________________

3. He was not satisfied, in contrast / despite creating a positive image of this brand in the minds of target audiences.

4. For example / Such as, a public relations expert showed how communication technologies enabled organizations to increase their public influence.

5. Such as/ For example, the expansion of public relations activity has been accompanied by an increasing reliance upon media management strategies.

6. Despite / In contrast bitter internal conflicts, she became the leader of the party.

7. In contrast / Despite, this type of advertising focuses upon using celebrity fame and popularity.

8. Ministers were frequently sacked for being disloyal, despite/ in contrast disagreeing with the Prime Minister.

9. Nonprofit organizations rely on free modes of persuasion, such as / for example a public service announcement.

VI. Which of the linking expressions in Exercise V:

a) introduces a contrasting idea?

b) introduces clarification?

SPEAKING:

I. Do you agree with such definition? Share your opinions on the topic.

Lobbying refers to the activities of individuals, acting either for themselves or on behalf of others, that attempt to influence political decision makers. Lobbying as an activity is usually informal, that is, communication between lobbyists and political decision makers is seldom public. Lobbying has come to be synonymous with so-called special interests, the implication being that lobbying and lobbyists somehow work against " the will of the people."

(From Encyclopedia of Business)

II. Comment on the following.

The main aim of advertisers is to attract your attention and then to make you buy this or that product whether you like it or not. There are intrusive advertisements for example those on the TV; in such a case you understand the aims of advertisers and it's more difficult for them to make you buy their product. The only way to make you buy it is to persuade you with the help of logical arguments that you really need it.

Unit V Reputation_____________________________________________________________

UNIT V

TEXT 1