Write out in columns the following words according to the part of speech.

Completely, traction, to transport, transportation, goods, effectively, through, employ, vast, volumes, fiber, safety, widely, key, provide, tie, means, satisfy, electric, electricity, electrify, electrification.

Read and translate the following sentences. Pat attention to the emphatic construction.

1) It is the elimination of open platforms that made the car safer.

2) It is the steel that made it possible to construct lightweight cars.

3) It is the hot water heating that increased the car comfort.

4) It was the stove which often set fire to wooden coaches.

5) It is the fire that people are afraid of very much.

Search the text to give some other examples.

11. Complete the sentences:

1) It is difficult for the people living in the 3d millennium...

2) The railways are the most important...

3) There are some reasons to determine...

4) The railways network is being completely modernized...

5) The leading role belongs to...

6) The future railway engineer has to obtain...

7) The special subjects are...

8) Training is offered in...

12. Answer the questions:

1) What is difficult for people living in the 3d millennium to imagine?

2) Are the railways or airlines the most important means of transportation?

3) Why was it necessary to construct a widely developed railway network in Russia?

4) Is the volume of transportation of cargo and passengers great in Russia?

5) How is the Russian Railways network modernized?

6) What personnel are employed in the railways?

7) Whom does the leading role belong to?

8) Where are qualified specialists trained?

9) What special subjects do the students study?

10) How many specialities is the training offered in? What are they?

11) Where do students get practical knowledge?

Skim the text and name the advantages of the railway transport.

The railways transport will hold the leading role in the future because it has some advantages. Less energy resources are required in Russia per unit of transportation by railways than by air or road transport. This advantage is especially true for the electric traction.The constancy of railway track and station scheme, the unification of the rolling stock, the CTC system (system of centralized traffic control) and transportation stability regardless of the time of the day or the season - all this creates fa-vourable conditions for the automation of the whole transportation process from a consignor to a consignee.

The benefit for the environment protection by the use of the electric railways is also an important factor.