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Exercise 10
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Fill in the missing words.
Holubtsi (Cabbage Rolls)
a)...... cabbage. Place a large cabbage head in deep pot of (b)...... water. Let stand until leaves are (c)..... soft. (d)....... from water, (e)...... leaves from the head. Return head to boiling water if inside leaves require softening. Pare down hard centre rib on each leaf.
(f)...... salt and rice to the boiling water. Let stand until rice (g)..... all water.
In a large (h)......., saute one medium onion in bacon drippings until tender. (i)....... this with rice (1 cup) and 250 g of (j)....... meat, and (k)....... one egg, garlic, salt and pepper.
Place a heaping tablespoon of the meat mixture onto a cabbage (l)...... Arrange rolls in layers in a (m)....... (n)....... each layer with salt and pepper. (o)..... tomato juice over rolls. Cover with two or three large cabbage leaves.
Cover tightly. Bake (p)... 180o C for 1, 5 hour. Serve (q)...... with (r)......, or tomato (s)......
& Reading and - Writing
Read the article about yoghurt. In what ways do you think yoghurt is an amazing food?
| If there is such a thing as a wonder food, yoghurt would surely earn that name. Associated everywhere with long life, yoghurt is nutritionally superior to ordinary milk in many ways. In fact, in many parts of the world, this is the only form in which milk is consumed. The benefits of yoghurt are almost limitless. If one to three cups of yoghurt are eaten daily, some kinds of infection clear up quickly. Yoghurt also aids the digestion of iron. Have you ever tried yoghurt as a face mask? Its astringent qualities are a help to oily skin. Yoghurt is easy to make at home. Here’s a simple way to make it, if you don’t have a yoghurt maker. Heat fresh milk to “hand hot”, about 90° to 100° (Fahrenheit). To this very warm milk, add about three tablespoons of yoghurt (for one quart of milk). Stir it into the milk and pour it all at once into a wide-mouthed thermos jar. Cover it tightly and let it stand overnight. Next morning, the yoghurt is thick and creamy; uncap it and refrigerate it right away. |
What are the benefits of yoghurt? Write 5 sentences with if.
— Speaking
| 1. Have you heard of any other foods that people think have amazing effects? Do you believe that they really have these effects? 2. Is food only for eating? What other uses can food have? It is interesting to know & Reading |
Chocolate – like falling in love
• Chocolate first came from Central America.
• The word chocolate comes from the Aztec language and is the only Aztec word we use regularly in English. The Aztecs made a greasy, bitter drink called Xocoatl, from cocoa beans mixed with cold water, spices and cornmeal.
• The Aztecs used the cocoa bean as a form of money. According to H.H.Bancroft, who was a historian, “four beans bought some vegetables, ten beans bought a woman and a slave cost 100.”
• The explorer Cortes was the first person to bring chocolate to Europe. He presented it to the Spanish Royal Court in Madrid and served it with herbs and pepper. Soon it became very fashionable to drink it mixed with sugar and vanilla and drunk warm.
• Coenrad van Houten, who was Dutch, was the first person to extract the cocoa butter from the cocoa bean in 1827.
• In 1847, Joseph Fry, who lived in England, mixed the cocoa butter with other ingredients to make a solid chocolate bar.
• Daniel Peter, who was a confectioner in Switzerland, invented milk chocolate in the 1870s. Henri Nestle developed the process.
• The cocoa tree originally comes from the Amazon rainforests. Brazil, West Africa and Ecuador now produce most of the 1.5 million-tonne world cocoa crop.
• The Mexicans put chocolate in savoury dishes. They serve mole, which is a kind of chocolate sauce, with roast chicken.
• It takes all the beans from one cocoa tree to make 500g of chocolate.
• In Britain, people spend an average of 98p a week on chocolate. Women, who buy more than two-thirds of the chocolate, eat less than 40 per cent.
• An average British person eats between 8.5-9.8 kg a year, except the Scots, who eat 30 per cent more.
• Chocolate contains small amounts of the chemical phenylethylamine, which is also naturally present in the brain and which gives us the same feelings as when we fall in love.
• The world’s largest chocolate model was a 10m by 5m representation of the Olympic Centre in Barcelona.
• In 1980, the Swiss police arrested a young couple because they were trying to sell chocolate secrets to foreign powers. They offered the recipes for 40 different chocolates to the Soviet and Chinese embassies.
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