Ambiguous combinations of VIng and n

E. Pattern: N+Ving

Examples: 1.Some problems can be solved only by the worldscientists joining their efforts. -... only if the world scientists join their efforts. -... могут быть решены только объединением усилий ученых всего мира.

2.Such problems can be solved onlyby a scientist fully realizing the possible danger. -...by a scientist who fully realizes the possible danger.-...может решить только ученый, полностью осознающий возможную опасность.

1.The mid-20^th century has witnessed the scientist becoming the most valued member of society. 2. The original idea of a discovery is often the product of one man working in a group environment. 3. There is more chance now of this suggestion being true. 4. A true scientist is prepared for his mistake being pointed out to him. 5. It is believed that there is hardly any chance of there being a mistake in these calculations.

F. Pattern:... (with) N + Ving / Ved, + S.. + P

Example: With research involving more and more people, the profession of a scientist has become one of the most popular nowadays. - As research involves more and more... - По мере того как научное исследование требует участия все большего числа людей, профессия ученого...

G. Pattern: S...+P.., (with) N..+Ving / Ved

Example: Mathematization of science is witnessed in almost all its branches, with specialists in the humanities hurriedly joining the process. -... branches, and specialists in the humanities hurriedly join the process. - Математизация науки наблюдается во всех ее областях, и специалисты в области гуманитарных наук спешат включиться в этот процесс.

1. Some scientists do not distinguish between pure and applied science, the distinction being, in fact, of recent origin. 2. They took all the measurements during the actual operation of the machine, this being the usual practice in those days. 3. The universe is now essentially composed of about 90% hydrogen and 9% helium, with the remaining 1% accounting for the more complex atoms. 4. The project abandoned, the leadership in this field passed to another institute. 5. Originally a mathematician, he became engaged first in theoretical physics and then in space research, all these fields being closely interconnected.

REVISION:

R1. Translate into Russian:

A.

1. Some people say that theory is a device for saving time. 2. Saying is one thing and doing is another. 3. The property depends on the substances being used. 4. Using the energy of the atom we produce electric energy at atomic power plants. 5. The empirical evidence is lacking here. 6. Putting it mildly, the experiment was not conducted properly. 7. The model having been tested we could recommend it for mass production. 8. Defining problems precisely requires patience. 9. We thought of starting another series of experiments. 10. The scientists’ names deserve mentioning.

B

1. A true scientist is interested in being told about his mistakes. 2. Algol is a system being developed and intended to become a universal programming language. 3. It is correct to say that basic research is directed toward understanding the foundations of nature without taking into account their practical applicability. 4. Finding an adequate solution to this most urgent technological problem will surely require much time and still more effort. 5. Today we cannot help witnessing a tendency in science to direct the collective efforts of a research team at the achievement of a common goal. 6. It is worthwhile thinking over the effects I have just described. 7. Being interested in the subject which you are studying is the best motivation for learning it. 8. Fundamental research is that which you undertake without caring whether the results will be of practical value or not. 9. Taking into account individual components resulted in a radical change of the entire system. 10. Several review committees were formed, including a special environmental group.

C

1.It is not claimed that the research is aimed at deriving an entirely different set of axioms. 2. A bit of work was needed to establish this but once the result was accepted, it was the best instrument for exploring the atom. 3. In the early days of World War II many engineers were faced with the task of mastering the techniques of using radar. 4. Methods employed in solving a problem are strongly influenced by the research objective. 5. During such experiments interfering influences must be excluded and an artificial environment created in which the contribution of the individual components can be taken account of and possibly even measured. 6. If the scientist succeeds in confirming his repeated observations it may be stated that an empirical law or rule of nature has been discovered. 7. General scientific methods can be approached from a historical point of view by giving a brief account of scientific concepts and theories development. 8. With extended operation in space being a design goal, special attention was given to reliability problems. 9. The lack of interest of neurophysiologists in the macromolecular theory of memory can be accounted for by recognizing that the theory, whether true or false, is clearly premature. 10. The oceans and atmosphere are strongly coupled systems and cannot very well be treated separately.