Of physical education and sport. Understanding the factors that govern human movement is essential for physical educators

Understanding the factors that govern human movement is essential for physical educators. Physical educators are concerned with helping individuals optimize their movements. To accomplish this task they need to thoroughly understand the mechanical principles that regulate movement. The analysis of human movement and sport object movement using the principles of physics and mechanics is called biomechanics. In recent years the study of biomechanics has grown tremendously and is commonly recognized as a subdiscipline of physical education. Additionally, a greater emphasis has been placed on practical applications as opposed to theoretical research.

Biomechanics is concerned with two major areas of study. The first area focuses on the anatomical aspects of movements while the second area concerns itself with the mechanical aspects of movement. Needless to say, these are closely related. Biomechanics have a specialized scientific vocabulary to describe their area of study. The terms power, acceleration, velocity, mass, pressure, friction, work, energy, angular velocity and acceleration, torque, and gravity are applied in this field. There are used selected biomechanical principles and concepts pertaining to stability, motion, leverage, and force there.

Within the last 15 years improvements in instrumentation and its application have been numerous, which has greatly expanded the knowledge base. While the practitioner may not have access to much of the specialized equipment used by biomechanist researcher, the practitioner can use available equipment such as videotape equipment or direct observation to analyze performance. Understanding of the principles of biomechanics is essential in improving individuals’ performance.

2.1 Listen to the text “Biomechanical foundations of physical education and

sport”.

2.2. Answer the question on the text.

1. What is essential for physical educators? 2. Why do they need to thoroughly understand the mechanical principles that regulate movement? 3. What is called biomechanics? 4. Where has a greater emphasis been placed on? 5. What areas of study is biomechanics concerned with? 6. What are the most typical biomechanical terms? 7. What role does instrumentation play in its application? 8. What can a practitioner use to analyze performance? 9. Is understanding of the principles of biomechanics essential in improving individual’s performance?

2.3. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

кутова швидкість, виконувати задачу, суттєвий/важливий, прискорення, загальновизнаний, нема необхідності говорити, обертовий момент, належати, тертя, доступне обладнання, важіль, велика увага приділяється практичному застосуванню, сила тяжіння, відеозаписуюча апаратура, мати доступ, теоретичне дослідження, численний, пряме спостереження, розповсюджується, словник/термінологія, на противагу, повне розуміння, тиск, аналізувати виступ, тісно взаємопов’язані

2.4. Open the brackets and put the verbs into proper tense form.

1. Various instruments and techniques (be used) by biomechanists to study and analyze motion. 2. During the past 15 years improvements in instrumentation coupled with advances in computers and microchip technology greatly (assist) biomechanists in their endeavors. 3. The development of better and more creative methods of using these instruments greatly (enhance) the understanding of human movement and the ability to improve performance. 4. These tools (include) computers, anthropometry, timing devices, cinematography, videography, electrogoniometry, electromyography, dynamography, and telemetry. 5. These tools, as well as visual observation, (can, be used) to perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of human movement.

2.5. Put the sentence below into Past and Future Indefinite. Create negative and

interrogative forms.