Read the following text about thermodynamics and unscramble the letters in the brackets to find the correct word. Translate the text.

Thermodynamics is the study of the relationship between h ______(tahe) and work. In other words, thermodynamics looks at how we can put e __________(renyge) into a system (whether it is a machine or a molecule) and make it do work. Alternatively, we might be able to do some work on a system and make it produce energy (like spinning the turbines in a power station to produce e ____________(trielectyci)).

In c ___________(micehryts), we sometimes speak more broadly about " energetics" of reactions (rather than thermodynamics), because energy given off during a r _________(tirecano) may simply be lost to the surroundings without doing useful work. Nevertheless, the ideas are the same: energy can be added to a set of molecules in order to produce a reaction, or a reaction can occur between a set of molecules in order to r ________(esreale) energy.

7. Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, participle or preposition? What are the underlined words in each sentence?

8. Read the following quotations. What do they mean? Discuss them with your groupmates. Express agreement or disagreement.

· The nature of the chemical bond is the problem at the heart of all chemistry. (Bryce Crawford)

· The underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known, and the difficulty is only that the exact application of these laws leads to equations much too complicated to be soluble. (Paul Dirac)

· The alchemical tradition assumes that every physical art or science is a body of knowledge which exists only because it is ensouled by invisible powers and processes. Physical chemistry, as it is practiced in the modern world, is concerned principally with pharmaceutical or industrial research projects. It is confined within the boundaries of an all-pervading materialism, which binds labor to the advancement of physical objectives. (Manly Palmer Hall)

· Chemistry has been termed by the physicist as the messy part of physics, but that is no reason why the physicists should be permitted to make a mess of chemistry when they invade it. (Frederick Soddy)

Use the following phrases to express your agreement or disagreement:

III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words and word-combinations in bold?

TEXT B