Упражнение 36

А. Найдите в предложениях инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели. Такое обстоятельство может стоять до или после ядра предложения (иногда перед инфинитивом может использоваться выра­жение in order to).

Примеры:

1. Cells need oxygen to survive.

2. The heart needs oxygen in order to function.

3. To live and to do its work a cell needs oxygen.

4. In order to carry on their metabolic activities all
body cells need oxygen.

Б. Независимо от наличия или отсутствия словосоче­тания in order to в английском предложении, на русский язык инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели всегда переводится словами: " для", " для того, чтобы", " чтобы".

В. Переведите предложения.

1. The muscles transform chemical energy into mechanical energy to support and
move the body.

2. From very early times surgeons have used drugs to lessen pain during operations.

3. To perform its vital functions, blood must be kept in motion.

4. To conserve heat the blood vessels of the skin contract, to lose heat they dilate.

5. In order to contract, skeletal muscle must be stimulated.

6. In order to grow, harden, and repair bones must have an adequate supply of
minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus.

7. To keep the heart beating the sino-atrial node in the right atrium sends im­
pulses through the two atria, causing atrial systole.

8. In order to keep blood moving back towards the heart, veins have valves which
prevent the back flow of blood and keep the blood moving in one direction.

9. The capillaries exchange the oxygen for waste matter, such as carbon dioxide,
which is taken back to the lungs to be expelled.

10. A large volume of blood is carried by the portal vein from the stomach, intestine
and spleen to the liver to be chemically processed before returning to the heart.

11. The oxygenated blood leaves the alveolar capillaries and returns to the heart to
be discharged into the systemic circuit.

12. To be accepted by scientists, the results of any experiments designed to test the
hypothesis must be repeatable and capable of being duplicated by others.

13. The end products of protein digestion, amino acids, pass into the blood, some to
be used as structural proteins for the building of body tissue, others to be used as
enzymes, and the rest to be carried to various parts of the body as a reserve.

14. In order to minimize rejection and improve the chances of survival of a trans­
planted organ, efforts are made to match as closely as possible the blood types
and tissue types of the donor and recipient.

15. To stop food from going into the trachea and lungs, a flap of tissue called the
epiglottis moves over the opening (the glottis) during swallowing.