D. Give the English equivalents for the following Russian words and phrases

свойство, точный, раствор, давление, заполненный, сварка, охлаждение, нарезать слоями, обёртывание/упаковывание, сгибание, перемешивание, смешивание, отсоединение, эксплуатировать/приводить в действие, плавить/расплавлять, прессование (пластмасс), внедрять, покрытие из пластин/металлическое покрытие, упаковывание, использование, необходимый, обслуживать, размер/измерение, сырье

Reading

Text 1

A. Answer these questions before reading the article:

1. Is manufacturing once again becoming a career of choice?

2. What should be done to attract more talented people to this industry?

B. Read the article:

Manufacturing Is Becoming a 'Cool' Sector Again

Once upon a time, ambitious young people with a knack for math and science went to work in manufacturing. They designed planes, computers and furniture, helped to make new cars faster and refrigerators more efficient, pushed the limits of computer chips and invented new medicines. But as the role of manufacturing diminished in advanced economies, the brightest talents tended to gravitate to finance and other service fields that were growing rapidly – and paying well.

But here's some news: Global manufacturing has the potential to stage a renaissance and once again become a career of choice for the most talented.

Of course, any manufacturing will not generate mass employment, but it will create many high-quality jobs. There will be more demand for software programmers, engineers, designers, robotics experts, data analytics specialists and myriad other professional and service-type positions.

Exploding demand in developing economies and a wave of innovation in materials, manufacturing processes and information technology are driving today's new possibilities for manufacturing. Even as the share of manufacturing in global gross domestic product has fallen manufacturing companies have made outsize contributions to innovation, funding as much as 70 percent of private-sector research and development in some countries. From nanotechnologies that make possible new types of microelectronics and medical treatments to additive manufacturing systems (better-known as 3-D printing), emerging new materials and methods are set to revolutionize how products are designed and made.

But to become a genuine driver of growth, the new wave of manufacturing technology needs a broad skills base.

Consider the challenges of the auto industry, which is shifting from conventional, steel-bodied cars with traditional drive trains to lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles in which electronics are as important as mechanical parts. The Chevrolet Volt has more lines of software code than the Boeing 787. So the car industry needs people fluent in mechanical engineering, battery chemistry and electronics.

Perhaps most important, manufacturing is becoming more " democratic" and thus more appealing to bright young people.

And yet manufacturing is vulnerable across the board to a potential shortage of high-skill workers. Research by the McKinsey Global Institute finds that the number of college graduates in 2020 will fail 40 million short of what employers around the world need, largely owing to rapidly aging workforces, particularly in Europe, Japan and China. In some manufacturing sectors, the gaps could be large.

Indeed, when the National Association of Manufacturers conducted a survey of high school students in Indianapolis. Only 3 percent of students said they were interested in careers in manufacturing, in response, the National Association of Manufacturers initiated a program to change students' attitudes. But not only young people need persuading. Surveys of engineers who leave manufacturing for other fields indicate that a lack of career paths and slow advancement cause some to leavethe sector.

Manufacturing superstars such as Germany and South Korea have always attracted the brightest and the best to the sector. But now manufacturers in economies that do not have these countries' superior track record must figure out how to be talent magnets.

They should provide their employees with the right opportunities and the right rewards.

/The Moscow Times/

to tend to – иметь тенденцию

employment - занятость

demand – спрос, требование

share – доля, акция

gross domestic product (GDP) – валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП)

contribution - вклад

challenge - вызов

shift from - переходить от

drive – привод, управление

genuine – настоящий, подлинный

appealing - привлекательный

accessible - доступный

vulnerable – уязвимый, беззащитный

shortage – дефицит, нехватка

workforce – рабочая сила

attitude - отношение

to persuade - убеждать

lack - нехватка

to figure out – вычислить, постигнуть, понять

C. Answer these questions:

1. Does global manufacturing have the potential to become a career of choice for the most talented young people?

2. Will manufacturing generate mass employment?

3. What does the new wave of manufacturing technology need to become a genuine driver of growth?

4. Is manufacturing becoming more “democratic”?

5. Why is there a potential shortage of high-skill workers in manufacturing?

6. What measures should be undertaken to attract more people to manufacturing?