Great Britain (Geographical Definition)

When we speak about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland we actually speak about four countries united into one state: England, Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland. Each of these countries has its language, its capital, and its government. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. At the same time London is the capital of the United Kingdom. English is the official language, but some people also speak Scottish, Welsh and Irish.

The population of the country is over 57 million people. There are many beautiful cities in Great Britain: Liverpool and Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh, Belfast and Birmingham.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles consist of two large and about 5000 small islands.

Their total area is over 244, 000 square kilometres, the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Pas de Calais) separate them from the Continent. The Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea wash the West Coast of the country. The East Coast is washed by the North Sea.

The relief of the British Isles varies very much. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south – is a vast plain. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in the UK (it is only 1, 343 m. high). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very

long. The Severn is the longest river, running from east to west. The Thames is the deepest and the most important river, where London is situated. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes and valleys is a favourite holiday area. Scotland is also known for the beauty of the lakes, called lochs.

The mountains and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It can be described as mild and temperate. Winters are warm but summers are cool and wet. Rain falls all the year round. Thick fogs in autumn are typical of the climate of Great Britain.

Show the following on the map of Britain:

1) large and small islands which belong to the British area;

2) seas and oceans Great Britain is washed by;

3) the English Channel which separates the UK from the Continent;

4) the highest mountains – Ben Nevis and Snowdon;

5) the capital cities of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland;

6) the most important industrial cities;

7) the native town of “The Beatles”.