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Each of these situations.
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| Language | Origin of Name/Company | Year | Uses/Comments |
| FORTRAN | FORmula TRANslation | Designed for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulas and English phrases. | |
| COBOL | COmmon Business-Oriented Language | Used for commercial purposes to process the records of large organizations on mainframe computers. | |
| Visual Basic | Beginners’ All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code | A simple-to-use language that has a graphical interface. It makes it easy for an inexperienced programmer to create database programs. | |
| C++ | Advanced version of C | Designed to write systems software but is now considered a general-purpose language. | |
| Pascal | Blaise PASCAL mathematician | Compiled, structured language, based on ALGOL. It is often used in college computing courses. | |
| XML | Extensible Markup Language | Used for creating documents and Web pages; it is commonly associated with Internet. | |
| Java | Sun Microsystems | Used for developing interactive applications for the Internet | |
| Ada | Countess Ada Lovelace | Derived from Pascal, used primarily by the military. | |
| Logo | From Greek logos, meaning word | An easy-to-use language that is used to teach children how to program. | |
| LISP | LISt Processing | Designed to process characters or words. Considered the “standard” language for Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects. | |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | Used to prepare a text for display in a browser program. | |
| Perl | Practical Extraction and Report Language | A Unix-based tool for producing reports. Now is widely used for creating interactive webpages. | |
| Prolog | PROgramming in LOGic | Used to develop applications in the field of artificial intelligence, esp. to create programs that mimic human behavior. |
1. A schoolteacher wants his young pupils to learn some basic mathematics by controlling a simple robot.
2. The owner of a small business wants to create a simple database program to keep track of his stock.
3. An engineer wants to develop a program for calculating the stresses in a mechanical device.
4. A student wants to create webpages for a personal website.
5. A systems programmer wants to add some new modules to an operating system.
6. A programmer working for the US army wants to create a program for controlling a new type of weapon.
7. A finance company needs to process data from its branch offices on its mainframe computer.
8. A website designer wants to enable the data on his website to be easily processed by a number of different programs.
9. A student studying artificial intelligence wants to write some programs for a course project.
10. A college lecturer wants his students to learn the principles of programming.
11. A professional programmer wants to create and sell a program for use in language learning.
12. A website designer wants to password-protect a section of website.
Assignments: Express your idea on the matter by answering the following questions:
ü In what way are programming languages used?
ü How can be explained the wide variety of programming languages?
ü What languages do you know?
ü What is the difference between them?
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