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International Trade






Since ancient times people have strived to expand their trading as far as technology allowed.

Today, container ships laden with cars and machines and Boeing 747s shuttled with fresh fruit, fresh New Zealand lamb, and French cheeses ply the sea and air routes, carrying billions of dollars worth of goods and services. Trade in goods such as food, raw materials, and manufactured goods is known as visible exports and visible imports. Trade in services such as banking, insurance, and tourism is known as invisible exports or invisible imports. So why do people go to great lengths to trade with those in other nations?

International trade is a form of specialization. Sri Lanka specializes in tea because it has an appropriate climate and soil, and skilled growers and packers. The principle is just the same as individual specialization: Jill specializes in math teaching because she is good at math and at dealing with people, Jack specializes in dentistry because he understands the biology and is deft with his hands. Of course, it is important for both that there is demand for what they are offering.

 

 

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова


КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

 

напрям підготовки 6.020105 Документознавство та інформаційна діяльність, 6.020207 Дизайн, 6.030504 Економіка підприємства, 6.030507 Маркетинг, 6.030508 Фінанси і кредит, 6.030509 Облік і аудит

 

ВАРІАНТ 28

 

I. Поставте дієслово to be у відповідній формі минулого часу:

1. It (be) very cold the day before yesterday.

2. You (be) right yesterday.

3. It (be) hot last summer.

4. When Michael (be) a child he (be) afraid of dogs.

5. I (be) born in a small village.

6. You (be) late this morning. Why?

7. I (be) afraid of thunderstorms long ago.

8. My father (be) good at mathematics when he (be) a schoolboy.

9. It (be) nice to swim in the river in summer.

10. Our teacher (be) angry yesterday because we (be) noisy.

 

II Виберіть вірну часову форму (Present Simple, Present Continuous):

1. I...(leave; am leaving) for London tonight.

2. This engineer... (works; is working) at our office.

3. They... (do; are doing) a lot of exercises at home.

4. His mother...(teach; teaches) Geography at school.

5. Listen! They... (speak; are speaking) good English.

6. It often... (snows; is snowing) in November.

7. She is sorry, she... (doesn’t speak; isn’t speaking) French.

8. We... (have; are having) a party next Sunday. Would you like to come?

9. They... (listen; are listening) to the radio in the morning.

10. Tom always...(plays; is playing) tennis on Monday.

 

Ш. Прочитайте і перекладіть текст.

Economic theory distinguishes between absolute advantage and comparative advantage.

Absolute advantage is the ability of a country to produce a good using fewer resources than another country.

Comparative advantage is a bit harder to understand, but more important for trade. The principle of comparative advantage is a central concept in international trade theory which holds that a country or a region should specialize in the production and export of those goods and services that it can produce relatively more efficiently than other goods and services, and import those goods and services in which it has a comparative disadvantage.

Comparative advantage is the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country. Comparative advantage refers to the relative opportunity costs between countries of producing the same goods. World output and consumption are maximised when each country specialises in producing and trading goods for which it has a comparative advantage.

 

 

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова


КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

 

напрям підготовки 6.020105 Документознавство та інформаційна діяльність, 6.020207 Дизайн, 6.030504 Економіка підприємства, 6.030507 Маркетинг, 6.030508 Фінанси і кредит, 6.030509 Облік і аудит

 

ВАРІАНТ 29

 

I. Вставте «are», «is», «am» або «do», «does», «did»:

1.... he play tennis last Sunday?

2. How often... you wash your hair?

3........ you wash it yesterday?

4. I...... going to wash it tonight.

5........ they playing tennis now?

6. We... having dinner at the moment.

7......... you have dinner at this time every day?

8. What....... your parents going to do when they retired?

9. Where....... your parents meet?

10. What time...... Mary usually arrive at school?

 

II. Використайте потрібну часову форму (Past Simple or Present Perfect).

1. We (to sign) the Contract with Argentina last week, but we (not to speak) with the boss about it yet.

2. Two years ago they (to launch) a new product.

3. I (to see) him on Monday last week, but he (not to phone) me since then.

4. I (to read) a lot about this company in the newspapers last year and I just (to write) a letter to them.

5. Turnover (to increase) by 15 per cent last year.

6. We (not to receive) the results of the test yet.

7. He (to go) to London last June.

8. We (to travel) around Europe last year.

9. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk.

10. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again.

 

III. Прочитайте і перекладіть текст:

The majority of economists believe that international trade should be based on comparative advantage and free trade. Free trade is a system which allows certain countries to buy and sell goods from each other without any financial restrictions. In practice, despite the advice of economists, every nation protects its own domestic producers to some degree from foreign competition. Behind these barriers to trade are people whose jobs and income are threatened, so they clamour to the government for protectionism. Protectionism is the government’s use of embargoes, tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions to protect domestic producers from foreign competition.

Embargoes are the strongest limit on trade. An embargo is a law that bars trade with another country. For example, the United States and other nations in the world imposed an arms embargo on Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990.

 

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова


КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

 

напрям підготовки 6.020105 Документознавство та інформаційна діяльність, 6.020207 Дизайн, 6.030504 Економіка підприємства, 6.030507 Маркетинг, 6.030508 Фінанси і кредит, 6.030509 Облік і аудит

ВАРІАНТ 30

 

I. Поставте дієслово to be у відповідній формі минулого часу:

1. It (be) very cold the day before yesterday.

2. You (be) right yesterday.

3. It (be) hot last summer.

4. When Michael (be) a child he (be) afraid of dogs.

5. I (be) born in a small village.

6. You (be) late this morning. Why?

7. I (be) afraid of thunderstorms long ago.

8. My father (be) good at mathematics when he (be) a schoolboy.

9. It (be) nice to swim in the river in summer.

10. Our teacher (be) angry yesterday because we (be) noisy.

 

II. Відкрийте дужки і використайте потрібну часову форму (Present, Past, Future Simple; Present, Past Continuous).

1. He... (leaves, is leaving) for Paris tonight.

2. She...... (works, is working) as a secretary at our office.

3. We.... (do, are doing) a lot of exercises at home.

4. Ann always... (plays, is playing) tennis on Sunday.

5. Look at these children! They... (skate, are skating) very well.

6. It often.. (rains, is raining) in April.

7. She is sorry, she... (doesn’t speak, isn’t speaking) French.

8. His mother...(teaches, is teaching) literature at school.

9. They... (have, are having) a party next Sunday. Would you like to come?

10. I... (listen, am listening) to the radio every morning.

 

III. Прочитайте і перекладіть текст.






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