Pop Art in Britain

British Pop Art arose of a new understanding of contemporary life. It was intellectual, interdisciplinary and programatic in character. In the early fifties artists and intellectuals began to realize that their culture was increasingly determined by the mass media, by new technology and by social change, and that this process was also leading to the increased Americanization of Europe. This cultural transformation was not reflected in the introverted, expressive, abstract-figurative art of the older generation of British

artists, such as Henry Moore or Graham Sutherland. It was, however, with these new conditions in mind that the Independent Group was convened in 1952 to hold informal discussions and cultural events at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London.

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова

КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

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ВАРІАНТ 21

I. Поставте дієслово to be у відповідній формі теперішнього часу:

1. My mother (be) a teacher.

2. Jane and Alice (be) friends.

3. The trees (be) yellow and red in autumn.

4. This book (be) very interesting.

5. You (be) wrong, and he (be) write.

6. This film (be) really boring.

7. These young men (be) football players.

8. Our town (be) not very big at all.

9. It (be) my room.

10. It (be) frosty in winter.

II. Відкрийте дужки і вставте потрібний час (Present, Past, Future Simple; Present Past Continuous).

1. Look at these children: they (to skate) very well.

2. You (to skate) last Sunday? Yes, we (to skate) the whole day last Sunday.

3. My brother can skate very well. He (to skate) every Sunday.

4. What you (to do) now? -I (to wash) the dishes.

5. What you (to do) at four o’clock yesterday? -I (to translate) the article.

6. Where Kate (to go) when you 9to meet) her yesterday?

7. What your brother 9to do) tomorrow?

8. You (to have) dinner now?

9. When I (to enter) the office, the secretary (to type) some letters.

10. I (not to go) to the library yesterday.

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The topics discussed at their meetings can be listed as follows: the expansion of artistic techniques beyond traditional forms of representation, action painting, helicopter design, car-body design, nuclear biology, cybernetics (a new science at the time), folk culture, the mass media and municipal culture, machine aesthetics, advertising, the cinema, comics, science-fiction, pop music, fashion and the theories of Marshall McLuhan. These themes were indeed remote from the preoccupations of the cultural establishment of the time!

The influence of Pop Art spread quickly, both in geographical terms (Cambridge University) and among the younger generation. It was due to young painters’ influence that British Pop Art responded with such intensity to American imagery and the early phase of American Pop Art. This phase of British Pop Art developed and made its presence publicly felt for the first time at the exhibition Young Contemporariesin 1960 - the first exhibition to provide a general survey of the new art movement. British Pop Art stepped outside the traditional boundaries of artistic development to tread the path of self-analysis within a consciously perceived and reflected present-day existence.

British Pop Artists: Clive Barker, Peter Blake, Derek Boshier, Patrick Caulfield, Richard Hamilton, David Hockney, Allen Jones, R. B. Kitaj, Eduardo Paolozzi, Peter Phillips, Richard Smith, Joe Tilson.

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова

КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

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ВАРІАНТ 22

I.Вставте «ever», «never», «for», «since».

1. He’s worked there...... many years,...... 1975. I believe.

2. I have...... loved anyone as much as I love you.

3. We have known Paul..... two years. Have you..... met him?

4. I’ve known him...... we went to school together, but I’ve..... met his parents.

5. I’ve been a journalist...... five years.

6. We haven’t heard from her...... the party.

7. They haven’t seen him..... ages.

8. Have you...... visited Australia?

9. He has.... been to England.

10. They have lived abroad...... 1990.

II.Виберіть вірну часову форму (Past Simple, Past Continuous):

1. I (met; was meeting) a friend while I (did; was doing) the shopping.

2. I (paid; was paying) for my things when I (heard; was hearing) someone call my name.

3. I (turned; was turning) round and (saw; was seeing) Paula.

4. She (wore; was wearing) a bright red coat.

5. We (decided; were deciding) to have a cup of coffee.

6. While we (had; were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped; was dropping) a pile of plates.

7. We all (got; were getting) a terrible shock.

8. While the waiter (picked; was picking) up the broken plates he (cut; was cutting) his finger.

9. We (left; were leaving) the cafe and (said; were saying) goodbye.

10. I (finished; was finishing) my shopping and (went; was going) home.

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Economics: the Study of Scarcity and Choice

Our world is a finite place where people, both individually and collectively, face the problem of scarcity. Scarcity is the condition in which human wants are forever greater than the available supply of time, goods, and resources. Because of scarcity, it is impossible to satisfy every desire. Pause for a moment to list some of your unsatisfied wants. Perhaps you would like a big home, gourmet meals, designer clothes, clean air, better health care, shelter for the homeless, more leisure time, and so on. Unfortunately, nature does not offer the Garden of Eden, where every desire is fulfilled. Instead, there are always limits on the economy’s ability to satisfy unlimited wants.

You may think your scarcity problem would disappear if you were rich, but wealth does not solve the problem. No matter how affluent an individual is, the wish list continues to grow. The condition of scarcity means all individuals, whether rich or poor, are dissatisfied with their material well-being and would like more. What is true for individuals also applies to society.

Розглянуто на засіданні кафедри ФВС

Протокол № від 2016 р.

Завідувач кафедри _____ проф. К.Л. Сізова

КОМПЛЕКСНА КОНТРОЛЬНА РОБОТА З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «Іноземна мова (англійська)»

напрям підготовки 6.020105 Документознавство та інформаційна діяльність, 6.020207 Дизайн, 6.030504 Економіка підприємства, 6.030507 Маркетинг, 6.030508 Фінанси і кредит, 6.030509 Облік і аудит

ВАРІАНТ 23

I. Поставте дієслово to be у відповідній формі минулого часу:

1. It (be) very cold the day before yesterday.

2. You (be) right yesterday.

3. It (be) hot last summer.

4. When Michael (be) a child he (be) afraid of dogs.

5. I (be) born in a small village.

6. You (be) late this morning. Why?

7. I (be) afraid of thunderstorms long ago.

8. My father (be) good at mathematics when he (be) a schoolboy.

9. It (be) nice to swim in the river in summer.

10. Our teacher (be) angry yesterday because we (be) noisy.

II. Відкрийте дужки і вставте потрібну часову форму (Past Simple або Present Perfect):

1. They (to be) abroad five years ago.

2. He (not to come yet) back.

3. Where you (to spend) your holidays?

4. When you (to see) him last?

5. At last I (to translate) this article: now I shall have a little rest.

6. She (to leave) the room a moment ago.

7. Please, give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine.

8. You (to be) to the Crimea?

9. They (to be) to the Hermitage twice this week.

10. The lecture (not to begin) yet the students are talking in the classroom.

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Economics is the study of how society chooses to allocate its scarce resources to the production of goods and services in order to satisfy unlimited wants. Society makes two kinds of choices: economy-wide, or macro choices and individual, or micro, choices. The prefixes macro and micro come from the Greek words meaning “large” and “small, ” respectively. Reflecting the macro and micro perspectives, economics consists of two main branches: macroeconomics and microeconomics.