Introduction a letter to the youth

(by Academician I. P. Pavlov)

What would I wish for the youth of my fatherland who devote themselves to science? First of all, persistence. I can never speak without emotion of this most important condition for fruitful scientific work. Persistence, persistence, and yet again persistence. From the very beginning of your work train yourselves to be strictly systematic in amassing knowledge. Learn the ABC of science before attempting to ascend its heights. Never reach for the next step without having first mastered the preceding one.

Never attempt to cover up the gaps in your knowledge by even the most daring conjectures and hypotheses. No matter how the colorings of such soap-bubbles may please your eye, they will inevitably burst, leaving you with nothing but confusion. Train yourselves to discretion and patience. Learn to do the rough work in science. Study, compare, and accumulate facts.

No matter how perfect a bird's wing is it could never raise the bird aloft if it were not supported by air. Facts are the air of the scientist. Without them you will never be able to soar. Without them your " theories" are useless efforts. Yet, while studying, experimenting, observing, try not to stop only at the surface of facts. Do not become an archivist of facts. Try to penetrate the mystery of their origin. Seek persistently the laws governing them. Secondly, modesty. Never think that you already know everything. No matter in what high esteem you are held, always have the courage to say to yourself: «I am ignorant.» Don't allow yourself to be overcome by pride. Pride will make you stubborn where it is necessary to agree; it will make you reject useful advice and friendly assistance: you will lose your sense of objectivity. In the group which I am called to direct, atmosphere is everything. We are all harnessed to one common cause and everyone furthers it to the best of his strength and ability. Often we cannot distinguish between what is our own and what is our neighbors’, but through this our common cause only gains.

Third - passion. Remember, science requires your whole life. Even if you had two lives to give, it would still not be enough. Science demands of men effort and supreme passion. Be passionate in your work and in your quests. Our fatherland opens broad vistas to scientists, and we must truthfully say science is being generously introduced into the life of our country. Extremely generously. What is there to say about the position of a young scientist in our country? It is perfectly clear. To him is given much, but of him much is demanded. And it is a matter of honour for the youth, as well as for all of us, to justify those great hopes which our fatherland places in science.

Task 10.1. Answer the questions:

1. What is persistence? 2. What should you do to carry out some research work? 3. Facts are not the priority, aren’t they? Why? 4. Does anyone know everything? 5. Why does pride have negative influence on people? 6. Is friendly atmosphere an “engine” for the research work? 7. Are you a patriot of your country? 8. What can you do for the republic’s development?

Task 10.2. Problems:

1. Explain the statement that for your better education you need:

a) persistence;

b) training;

c) modesty;

d) passion.

2. Are there any other conditions under which you could become a well-trained

engineer?

3. What is the relation between: a pupil – a student – a teacher – a scientist?

4. What do you know about I.P. Pavlov?