Ukraine

Ukraine is situated in Europe and covers the area of 603, 700 square kilometers. The geographical position of Ukraine is very favourable to the development of its relations with countries of Europe, as well as with the countries throughout the world. It borders on Russia, Byelorussia, Moldova, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Rumania. It is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and has very important ports. The major part of the Ukrainian area is flat and only 5% of it is mountainous. The Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains are the most famous Ukrainian mountains and make up those 5%. The major rivers are the Dnieper, the Dniester, the Bug, the Donets and others.

It is well developed industrial and agricultural country. Ukraine is rich in iron ore, coal, natural gas, oil, salt and other mineral resources. The country has a big metallurgic, machine-building, fuel and power base; it is the producer of chemical and agricultural raw materials. One of the most important branches of national economy is the power industry. Besides, Ukraine produces planes and ocean-liners, tractors and combines, excavators and cars, up-to-date instruments and equipment, electronic micro-scopes and TV-sets, computers and synthetic diamonds.

Scientists of Ukraine enriched the world science with important discoveries and inventions. They contributed much to solving the main problems of automation of production processes and electric welding. The " Academy of Science” of Ukraine includes many outstanding scientists and research workers famous for their important research work. Our scientists created new improved machines and mechanisms; they do important research work in the field of biology, medicine, nuclear physics.

Besides different branches of industry Ukraine has highly developed mechanized agriculture. There are many, good arable lands in the country.

The population of Ukraine is about 48 million people. The representatives of many nationalities live there: Ukrainians, Russians, Byelorussians, Moldavians, Poles and Bulgarians. It has very rich and varied culture and history. There are a lot of higher educational establishments in Ukraine, a lot of professional theatres and Phylarmonic Societies, public libraries and state museums. Ukrainian books are exported to more than 100 countries of the world. Nowadays people of Ukraine display a keen interest in Ukrainian history and cultural heritage. Many masterpieces of Ukrainian culture have been revived.

Ukraine is a member of the United Nation Organization and takes part in the work of many international organizations. It is visited by delegations, groups of

specialists, art companies, sport teams and tourists from different countries of the world and establishes new contacts with these countries.

Ukraine is an independent state now. The Declaration on state sovereignty of Ukraine was adopted on July 16, 1990. The Independence of Ukraine was proclaimed on August 24, 1991.

According to Constitution of Ukraine adopted on June 28, 1996 Ukraine has a democratic political system. The President of Ukraine is the Head of state and speaks on behalf of it. The people of Ukraine elect the President to a five-year term. The state power in Ukraine is divided into legislative, executive and judicial.

Ukraine has about 10 registered political parties. (Green Party, Ukrainian Republican Party, Democratic Party of Ukraine, etc.)

The state symbols of Ukraine are the state Flag, state Emblem and state Anthem of Ukraine.

Find the Ukrainian equivalents:

1) urban а) низовини, низини

2) boundary b) споживчі товари

3) lowlands с) озера

4) consumer goods d) високогір'я

5) uplands e) ґрунти

6) steppes f) сільський

7) plains g) щільність населення

8) highlands h) гирло річки

9) lakes i) кордон

10) rural j) міський

11) tributary k) поклади корисних копалин

12) soils 1) степи

13) deposits m) рівнини

14) mouth n) притока

15) density о) височини

Rank the following kind of geographical relief of the earth surface according to their height over the sea level:

Find synonyms for the following words:

Form adjectives from the following words and translate them:

Geography, mountain, develop, industry, agriculture, nature, nation, power, culture, independence, economy.