XII. Comment on the use of the Present Perfect Tense in the following proverbs and sayings. Memorize them. Give their Russian equivalents.

1. It is too late to lock the stable (door) after/when the horse has bolted.

2. When children stand quiet they have done something ill.

3. Don’t sell the bear’s skin before you have caught the bear.

4. Every oak has been an acorn.

5. Drink as you have brewed.

6. The cow knows not what her tail is worth until she has lost it.

7. Bacchus has drowned more men than Neptune. (Wine has drowned more men than the sea).

8. The mountain has brought forth a mouse.

9. A thief passes for a gentleman when stealing has made him rich.

10. He knows best what good is that has endured evil. (Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet).

11. One has made one’s bed and one must lie on it.

12. A lot of/much water has run under the bridge. (There have been many a peck of salt eaten since).

13. We know not what is good until we have lost it.

XIII. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs and sayings. Take care to use the Present Perfect Tense where necessary.

1. Сам заварил кашу, сам и расхлебывай.

2. Если дети притихли, значит, они набедокурили,

3. Гора родила мышь.

4. Не убив медведя, шкуры не продавай.

5. Поздно запирать конюшню после того, как лошадь украли. (Задним умом крепок).

6. Много воды утекло с тех пор.

7. Вор сойдет за джентльмена, когда становится богатым.

8. Большое вырастает из малого. (Каждый дуб был когда-то желудем).

9. Не отведав горького, не узнаешь и сладкого.

10. Вино погубило больше людей, чем море.

11. Что имеем — не храним, потерявши — плачем.

12. Как постелешь, так и поспишь.

XIV. Express the idea of the following by using suitable proverbs or sayings. Take care to use the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Much time has passed, much has happened, many things have changed, since a particular event occurred.
2. Everything has had a small beginning.
3. Take precautions too late to be effective; having suffered theft, damage, loss etc, try to avoid a repetition or wor­sening of these.
4. Act prudently and don’t be overoptimistic.
5. All of us are responsible for the consequences of our actions, so we must put up with them.

XV. Note the use of the Perfect Tenses in the following idiomatic phrases. Match them with the definitions given in brackets at the end. Provide original example sentences that illustrate their use.

1. if one has done sth once one has done sth/it a hundred times

2. not have seen etc the like (of sth)/sth’s like

3. the first one has heard of it/sth

4. have known sb since sb was in petticoats

5. it has/is (just) gone midnight etc

6. have seen etc it all

7. the bird has flown

8. have seen/known etc better days

(sb who is being sought, or pursued, has gone away, has escaped; not have seen etc anything similar previously, not have seen anything of its kind that is so good, bad, unusual etc before; one has warned people, given advice, etc very many times; the first time one learns about it/sth; not to be as successful, powerful, or useful as one/it once was, be in a worse condition than one/it used to be; have known sb for quite a long time; (informal) have a long and rich experience of life in general or of sth specific; it is just after, or within a short time after, midnight or any other named time of day)