Exercise 3. Answer the following questions to the text.

1. Where is the tail unit located? 2. How many surfaces does the tail assembly consist of? 3. What parts constitute the fin? 4. What parts does the stabilizer consist of 5. What is the stabilizer similar to? 6. What does the vertical stabilizer or fin provide? 7. What provides longitudinal stability of the airplane in flight? 8. Elevators are attached to the leading edge of the tail's horizontal stabilizer, aren't they? 9. How can the elevators deflect? 10. When does the aircraft begin to descend? 11. What is hinged to the fin? 12. How can the rudder be deflected?

Exercise 4. Comment on the text «The Tail Unit», using such constructions as:

It is a common knowledge... In my opinion... The point is (that)... As far as I know... I think...

Exercise 5. Translate the combinations with the words rudder, stabilizer. Aerodynamic rudder, movable rudder; adjustable stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, mechanical stabilizer, vertical stabilizer.

Exercise 6. Translate the terms.

втрачати висоту; стабілізатор; відхиляти (ся); кіль; руль висоти; руль повороту; набирати висоту; приводити в дію; аеродинамічна поверхня; ручка керування

Exercise 7. Say whether these statements are true or false.

1. The tail unit is the element of airplane frame. 2. Tail assembly consists generally of four surfaces. 3. Surfaces constituting the empennage aren’t of symmetrical airfoil section. 4. Both fin and stabilizer are divided into two parts, the front and the rear. 5. Stabilizers are very similar to the wings in construction; they are usually made of fabrics. 6. The vertical stabilizer or fin provides longitudinal stability of the aircraft in flight 7. Rudder provides directional control of the airplane in flight, being deflected upwards or downwards. 8. Elevators are movable airfoils, hinged to the trailing edge of the tail's horizontal stabilizer. 9. The elevators control the motion of the aircraft about the longitudinal axis. 10. When the elevators are lowered the aircraft begins to descend.

Exercise 8. Write all the derivatives of the following words and give their translation: to construct, to coordinate, to deflect, to determine, to maintain, to push, to develop.

Example: to activate – приводити в дію

actuation – приведення в дію

actuator – силовий привід; рукоятка прoвода

actuating – який приводить в дію

actuated (elevators) – приведені в дію (рулі підйому)

Exercise 9. Make word combinations using the words given in lines 1 and 2.

1) movable, tail, trailing, longitudinal, horizontal, control, vertical, lateral;

2) axis, stabilizer, stick, assembly, rudder, surface, edge, pedal, axis, unit, mechanism.